Fitoterapi terimi, tıbbi bitkilerin hastalıkların tedavi edilmesi ya da tedaviye yardımcı olması amacıyla kullanılması olarak tanımlanmakta ve günümüzde birçok hastalığın tedavi sürecine destek olmak amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Peptik ülser, dünya popülasyonunun %5- 10'unda yaşam boyunca en az bir kere görülen, mide, duodenum veya özofagusta rastlanan, asit veya pepsinden kaynaklanan bir doku kaybı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Uygulanan konvansiyonel tedavinin yan etkileri, tedavi maliyeti, Helicobacter pylori'nin antimikrobiyal ilaçlara karşı direnç göstermesi, ülserasyonların tekrarlaması gibi sebeplerden dolayı alternatif tedavi yöntemleri ilgi çekmiş ve tıbbi bitkilerin kullanıldığı tamamlayıcı tedaviler araştırılmaya başlanmıştır. Peptik ülser hastalığının önlemesinde ve/veya tedavi edilmesinde, geleneksel olarak kullanılan bitkiler içinde üzerinde klinik çalışma yapılmış bazı bitkiler Glycyrrhiza glabra, Nigella sativa, Zingiber officinale; üzerinde in vivo çalışma yapılmış bazı bitkiler Allium sativum, Camellia sinensis, Carum carvi, Foeniculum vulgare, Hypericum perforatum, Laurus nobilis, Matricaria chamomilla, Momordica charantia, Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Olea europaea, Thymus vulgaris bu derleme için seçilip değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirme sonucunda, tıbbi bitkilerin üzerinde yapılan bilimsel araştırmaların sayısında artış olmasına rağmen klinik çalışmalarının kapsamlı şekilde yapılmaması, etki mekanizmalarının aydınlatılmaması, yan etki profillerinin detaylı olarak raporlanmaması gibi eksiklikler nedeniyle tıbbi bitkilerden elde edilen güvenilir preparatların üretilmesinin zorlaştığı belirlenmiştir. Bu eksikliklerin giderilmesiyle birlikte yeni geliştirilecek preparat ve ilaçların hem doğal kaynaklı ilaç hammaddeleri hakkındaki çalışmalara hem de insan sağlığına önemli ölçüde etkisi olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Fitoterapi; tibbi bitkiler; peptik ülser
The term phytotherapy is defined as the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases or to assist treatment and is used today to support the treatment process of many diseases. Peptic ulcer is defined as a tissue loss caused by acid or pepsin, occurring in the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus at least once in a lifetime in 5- 10% of the world population. Alternative treatment methods have attracted attention due to the side effects of conventional treatment, cost of treatment, resistance of Helicobacter pylori to antimicrobial drugs, recurrence of ulcerations and complementary therapies using medicinal plants have begun to be investigated. Some plants that have been clinically studied in the traditionally used plants for the prevention and/or treatment of peptic ulcer disease Glycyrrhiza glabra, Nigella sativa, and Zingiber officinale; some plants on which in vivo studies have been conducted are Allium sativum, Camellia sinensis, Carum carvi, Foeniculum vulgare, Hypericum perforatum, Laurus nobilis, Matricaria chamomilla, Momordica charantia, Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Olea europaea, Thymus vulgaris selected and evaluated for this review. As a result of this evaluation, despite the increase in the number of scientific studies on medicinal plants, it has been determined that it is difficult to produce reliable preparations obtained from medicinal plants due to deficiencies such as clinical studies are not carried out comprehensively, the mechanism of action is not clarified and the side effect profiles are not reported in detail. With the elimination of these deficiencies, it is thought that the new preparations and drugs to be developed will have a significant impact on both the studies on natural origin drug raw materials and human health.
Keywords: Phytotherapy; medicinal plants; peptic ulcer
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