Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Yüksekte Çalışanlarda İş Kazalarını Önlemek Amaçlı Uygulanacak Bilişsel ve Psikomotor Testlerin Geliştirilmesi
Development of Cognitive and Psycomotor Tests to be Applied to Prevent Work Accidents in Working at Height
Zeynep Funda ENGİN AKCANa, Bahadır DEMİRCİOĞLUb, Ayhan AKCANc
aİstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyal Bilimler ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
bMevasis Bilişim Danışmanlık, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE c Bakırköy Psikiyatri Tedavi ve Araştırma Merkezi, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2021;18(1):60-79
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2020-77001
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: ''Yüksekten düşme'' şeklindeki iş kazaları, daha çok sağlıklı işçinin anlık düşmesinden kaynaklanan morbidite ve mortalitesi yüksek bir toplum sağlığı sorunudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yüksekten düşme şeklindeki iş kazalarının bireysel faktörleri arasında yer alan denge sorunları, dikkat bozukluğu, görme derinliği problemi, hız-mesafenin hafızada tutulamaması ve algı düşüklüğü gibi çalışanların bilişsel ve psikomotor özellikleri ve becerilerindeki olası sorunları incelemek, testlerin Türkiye normlarını belirlemek ve sonrasında da testlerin bilimsel temelde sürekli yenilenmeleri ve geliştirilmelerine öncü olarak ülke içinde ve hatta dünyada iş güvenliği alanında yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmalarına katkı sağlamaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, yüksekte çalışan değişik iş kollarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın istatiksel analizlerinde istatistikte altın oran yöntemi uygulanmış, her bir test için kesme değerleri belirlenmiş ve Türkiye normları oluşturulmuştur. Çalışanların testlerdeki performans verileri 1'den 10'a kadar sten aralıklarında ve düşük, orta, yüksek seviyelerinde değerlendirilmiştir. İlgili testte 1-3 sten aralığı ve düşük seviye, ilgili testte bilişsel ve psikomotor özellik ve becerilerinin oldukça düşük ve yetersiz olduğunu göstermekte ve bu durum yüksekten düşmeye bağlı ciddi yaralanmalı ve ölümlü iş kazaları risklerinin önemli bir oranda yükseleceği anlamına gelmektedir. Bulgular: Çalışmada teste katılanların, KTUS Dikkat Testi'nde %14,9'u, KTS Testi'nde %17'si, Watch Algı Testi'nde %29'u, Stereometr Derinlik Algı Testinde %7,1'i, dengeyi sürdürme'de %16,2'si ile ve dengede dik pozisyonda kalma da %8,8'i düşük performans göstermişlerdir. Sonuç: Sonuçta, bu çalışma ile yüksekte çalışanların en az %15'i psikotestler açısından yetersiz seviyede olup her 7 aktif çalışandan birisinin yüksekten düşmeye aday olduğu gerçeğini göstermiştir. Bu bilişsel ve psikomotor psikotestler işe alım sırasında ve ayrıca periyodik olarak uygulandığında, yüksekten düşme kaynaklı ölümlü iş kazalarını azaltacağı öngörülebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Psikomotor bozukluklar; kazalar;trafik; postural denge
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Work accidents in the form of ''falling from height'' are are a public health problem with high morbidity and mortality caused by the sudden fall of healthy workers. This study aims to examine the possible problems in cognitive and psychomotor characteristics and skills, which are among the individual factors of work accidents in the form of falling from height such as balance problems, attention deficit disorder, lack of depth perception, inability to keep speed and distance in memory; to create Turkish norm; and then to contribute to the widespread use of tests in the field of occupational safety in the country and even in the world, as a pioneer in the continuous renewal and development of the tests on a scientific basis. Material and Methods: The study was made in various lines of businesses working at height. In the statistical analysis "The Golden Ratio in Statistics" method was used. As a result; the Turkish norm and the boundary values of each test were determined. The performance data of the employees in the tests were evaluated in sten ranges from 1 to 10 and at low, medium and high levels. The range of 1-3 sten and low level test shows that cognitive and psychomotor characteristics and skills are quite low and insufficient, which means that the risks of serious injury and fatal work accidents due to falling from height will increase significantly. Results: The participants of the test in the study; 14.9% in the KTUS Attention Test, 17% in the KTS Test, 29% in the Watch Perception Test, 7.1% in the Stereometry Depth Perception Test, and 8.8% in maintaining an upright position in balance and 16.2% in maintaining balance showed poor performance. Conclusion: As a result, with this study, at least 15 percent of high-level employees are inadequate for psychotests, and showed that the fact that one of every seven active employees is a candidate to fall from height. It can be predicted that these cognitive and psychomotor psychotests will reduce mortality accidents caused by falling from height when recruiting and also periodically applied.

Keywords: Psychomotor disorders; accidents; traffic; postural balance
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