Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Vardiyalı Çalışan İşçilerin Fiziksel Aktivite, Duygudurumu ve Beslenme Alışkanlıkları Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi
The Determination of the Relationship Between Physical Activity, Emotional Status and Eating Habits of Shift Workers
Selen MÜFTÜOĞLUa, Ayça PARLAKYİĞİTa
aBaşkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2020;5(1):10-21
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2019-65622
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Vardiyalı çalışan işçilerin fiziksel aktivite, duygudurumu ve beslenme alışkanlıkları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla planlanıp yürütülmüştür. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, Ekim 2018-Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında, Kahramanmaraş ilinde bir tekstil fabrikasında çalışan ve çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden, yaş aralığı 18-65 yıl olan toplam 450 işçi ile yürütülmüştür. İşçilerin demografik özellikleri, antropometrik ölçümleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları, fiziksel aktivite ve duygudurumları uygulanan anket formu ile belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: İşçilerin %80,3'ü erkek ve %89,0'ı haftada 6 gün ve günde 8 saat çalışmaktadır. Vardiya bilgilerine ulaşılan işçilerin (n=163) %48,5'i 08.00-16.00 saatleri arasında çalışmakta ve işçilerin %69,0'ı vardiyalı çalışmanın uyku kalitesini etkilediğini düşünmektedir. Kadın işçilerin (ort. 23,91±3,97 kg/m2) %59,5'inin normal, erkek işçilerin (ort. 26,85±3,83 kg/m2) %46,1'inin hafif şişman olduğu saptanmıştır. İşçilerin %60,0'ının yürüyüş yaptığı ve yürüyüş yapanların %22,0'ının haftada 2-3 kez yürüdüğü belirlenmiştir. İşçilerin %70,0'ı günde 3 ana öğün tüketirken, %50,0'ı ara öğün yapmamaktadır. Çalışanların öğün aralarında her gün çay-kahve (%78,0) ve meyve (%31,8), sonrasında en sık simit-poğaça (%21,5), kuruyemiş (%23,3) ve kek-pasta (%19,5) tükettikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İşçilerin gün içerisindeki tükettiği ara öğün sayısı arttıkça Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ) puanlarının azaldığı saptanmıştır (r=0,12, p=0,01). BDÖ puanı ile çikolata-şekerleme tüketim sıklığı arasındaki fark anlamlı bulunmuştur (p=0,023). İşçilerin uyku süreleri arttıkça BDÖ puanlarının azaldığı saptanmıştır (r=0,11,p=0,02). Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonunda, vardiyalı çalışan işçilerin uyku sürelerinin, duygudurumları ve beslenme alışkanlıklarını etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Buna göre; uyku kalitesi ve süresi üzerinde yapılacak iyileştirmeler işçi sağlığı konusunda önemli birer adım olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Vardiyalı çalışma; beslenme alışkanlıkları; depresyon
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study is planned according to the physical activity, mood and nutritional habits of shift personnel. Material and Methods: The study was conducted between October 2018-December 2018 in Kahramanmaras with a total of 450 workers during 18-65 years of age who were a volunteer to accept this study. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, dietary habits, physical activity levels and emotional situations of workers were measured by a questionnaire form. Results: 80.3% of the workers are male and 89.0% are working 6 days a week and 8 hours a day. 48.5% of the workers who reached the shift information (n=163) were working between 08.00-16.00 and 69.0% of the workers think that shift work affected sleep. In this study, 59.5% of female workers (mean 23.91±3.97 kg/m2) had normal body mass indeks; 46.1% of male workers (mean 26.85±3.83 kg/m2) had overweight. It was determined that 60.0% of the workers were walking and 22.0% of them walking 2-3 times a week. While 70.0% of the workers consumed 3 main meals a day, 50.0% of them never consumed snacks. Workers were consumed mostly tea-coffee (78.0%) and fruit (31.8%), bakery (21.5%), nuts (23.3%) and cakes (19.5%) for a snack. As the number of snacks consumed by the workers increased during the day, the Beck Depression Scale (BDI) scores decreased (r=0.12, p=0.01). The difference between BDI and chocolate-sugar consumption frequency was significant (p=0.023). It was found that BDI scores decreased as workers' sleep times increased (r=0.11, p=0.02). Conclusion: As a result of this study, it has been concluded that the working hours of shift workers affect their sleep periods, mood and nutritional habits. According to this; improvements on sleep quality and duration will be an important step in occupational health.

Keywords: Shift work; dietary habits; depression
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