Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
Sınırsız Bilginin Sınırları: COVID-19 Pandemisi ve Bilginin Elde Edilmesi, Paylaşılması ve Kullanılması ile İlgili Etik Sorunlar Üzerine
The Limits of Unlimited Information: On the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Ethical Problems About Obtaining, Sharing, and Using Knowledge
Mahmut Alpertunga KARAa
aİstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2021;29(1):48-65
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2020-79630
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 COVID-19 pandemisi, bilginin kritik bir kaynak olarak yönetilmesine dair etik sorunları görünür hâle getirmektedir. Bilimsel araştırma ve yayın faaliyetinin ne kadar hızlandırılabileceği kritik bir konudur. Hızlı şekilde bilgiye ulaşma ihtiyacı bulunmakla birlikte aşırı hızlanma, çalışmaların bilimsel geçerliliğini ve etik şartlara uygunluğunu olumsuz etkileyebilecektir. Aşı geliştirme çalışmaları için hız ve çalışmanın etik açıdan kabul edilebilirliği arasındaki çelişki daha belirgindir. Aşının etkinliğinin sınanması için deneklerin enfeksiyona maruz bırakılması riski artırır ve etik açıdan sorgulanabilir. Endikasyon dışı ilaç araştırmalarında, ilacı mevcut endikasyonla kullananlar ile COVID-19 hastaları arasında adil dağılım sorunu ortaya çıkar. Toplum sağlığının, ferdî hakların önüne geçebildiği bir ortamda damgalama ve mahremiyetle ilgili sorunlar ortaya çıkabilir. Araştırma ve planlama için hasta verilerine erişmeye daha çok ihtiyaç olması, potansiyel mahremiyet ihlalleri ve güç dengelerinin sıradan insanlar aleyhine bozulması anlamına gelebilecektir. Temas takibi amaçlı mobil uygulamalarla da benzer sorunlar ortaya çıkabilir. Diğer taraftan, doğru bilgilendirmeyi sağlamak için topluma yön verenlerin, halkla iletişiminin nasıl olması gerektiği de önemlidir. İnfodemi kavramı, konunun başka bir cephesini işaret etmektedir. Dolaşan doğru bilgiden fazla, yanlış bilgi olması endişe vericidir. Misenformasyon ve dezenformasyon ile mücadele, pandemi yönetiminin önemli bir ayağıdır. Bilimsel bilginin sadece nasıl üretileceğine odaklanmak ve politik ve toplumsal alandaki yansımalarını ihmal etmek hata olacaktır. İletişimi güçlendirecek bir ortak dil sağlamak için sağlık okuryazarlığının geliştirilmesi üzerinde durulmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, bilgi kavramı odak olmak üzere COVID-19 pandemisi hakkındaki etik tartışmalar ele alınmış; bilimsel bilginin üretilmesi, paylaşılması ve kullanılması ile ilgili sorunlar aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sorunların anlaşılması, çözüm üretilmesi için ilk adımdır ve bilimsel bilginin faydalı bir toplumsal kaynak olarak devamına katkıda bulunabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; bilimsel araştırma ve yayınlar; damgalama; mahremiyet; mobil uygulamalar; infodemi
ABSTRACT
 The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to review ethical issues regarding managing knowledge as a critical resource. Excessive acceleration of scientific research and publication activity may adversely affect the scientific validity and compliance of the studies with ethical conditions. For vaccine development studies, the contradiction between speed and ethical acceptability of the study is more pronounced. Exposing subjects to an infection to test the vaccine's effectiveness increases the risk and is ethically questionable. In studies with off-label drugs, a fair distribution problem arises between COVID-19 patients and those who use the drug with the current indication. In an environment where public health may override individual rights, stigmatization and privacy problems may arise. There is a greater need to access patient data for research and planning and that may result both regression of privacy and deterioration of power balances against ordinary people. Mobile applications used for contact tracing may also produce similar results. Society leaders should communicate properly with the public in order to provide correct information. The concept of infodemic points to another aspect of the issue. Combating misinformation and disinformation is crucial for pandemic management. It would be a mistake to focus only on how scientific knowledge is produced and neglect its political and social reflections. Health literacy should be improved, this may provide a common language that will foster multidimensional communication. In this study, ethical debates about the COVID-19 pandemic were discussed, with the concept of information being the focus, and the problems related to the production, sharing and use of scientific knowledge were tried to be elucidated. Understanding the problems is the first step in generating solutions and will contribute to the continuation of scientific knowledge as a useful social resource.

Keywords: COVID-19; scientific research and publications; stigma; privacy; mobile applications; infodemic
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-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

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