Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences

Nefroprotektif Tedaviler: Tamamlayıcı ve Alternatif Tıp
Nephroprotective Therapies: Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Özde Nisa TÜRKKANa, Ahmet Nevzat NAYIRb
aMarmara Üniversitesi Pendik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Çocuk Nefrolojisi BD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
bİstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Nefrolojisi BD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
J Lit Pharm Sci. 2021;10(1):89-97
doi: 10.5336/pharmsci.2020-76002
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp yöntemleri, böbrek sağlığını korumak adına dünyada ve ülkemizde çok farklı şekillerde uygulanmaktadır. Bu uygulamalar, kronik böbrek yetersizliğine gidişi önlemek, proteinüri ya da hematüriyi azaltmak, hipertansiyonu önlemek ve tedavi etmek, volüm yükünü kontrol altına alabilmek, idrar yolu enfeksiyonlarından korunmak ve tedavi etmek, kan glukoz seviyelerini kontrol etmek, böbrek taşlarını düşürmek ve gelişimini önlemek ve hatta genel iyilik hâli için kullanılabilmektedir. Yaşlanma karşıtı bitkiler, özellikle geleneksel Çin tıbbında yaygın olarak kullanılan bitkiler ve mantarlar, çeşitli polifenoller ve dipeptidler, düzenli yapılan banyolar, çeşitli meditasyon ve yoga yöntemlerinin nefroprotektif etkileri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp nefroprotektif özellikleriyle oldukça umut vaat etse de kullanımları konusunda çok dikkatli olunmalıdır. Uygun koşullarda saklanmayan bitkilerin zararlı mantarlar, pestisitler ve toksinleri barındırabileceği unutulmamalıdır. Kullanılan ürünlerin böbrek sağlığı açısından tedavi dozu, toksik dozu, ölümcül dozu ve hatta renal dozunun saptanması için daha pek çok çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Bu yazıda literatürde adı geçen, çalışmalarla desteklenmiş olan tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp yöntemlerini içeren nefroprotektif tedavilerle ilgili güncel bilgiler kısaca sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tamamlayıcı tedaviler; geleneksel tıp; şifalı bitkiler; nefroprotektif
ABSTRACT
 Various complementary and alternative medical methods are often implemented nationwide and worldwide for preserve and improve kidney health. These methods can be used for preventing of progression to end-stage renal disease, reducing proteinuria or hematuria, lowering blood pressure, getting control of the volume load, treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections, lowering blood glucose levels, prevention of urolithiasis and ameliorating spontaneous passage of kidney stones and even can be used for general well-being of the individuals. Anti-aging plants, herbals and fungi widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, polyphenols and dipeptides, regular baths, various meditation and yoga techniques are thought to have nephroprotective effect. Although complementary and alternative medicine have promising benefits with their nephroprotective effects, have to be very careful by applying them. Herbals stored in unfavorable conditions can hide detrimental molds, pesticides and toxins. Also, studies needed to be done for determining treatment dose range, toxic dose limits, lethal dose and even renal dose of the products for preserving and improving kidney health. In this paper, we will provide a brief up-to-date review of complementary and alternative medical methods which literally mentioned and supported by researches.

Keywords: Complementary therapies; traditional medicine; medicinal plants; nephroprotective
REFERENCES:
  1. Sabiu S, O'Neill FH, Ashafa AOT. THE purview of phytotherapy in the management of kidney disorders: a systematic review on nigeria and south africa. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2016;13(5):38-47. [PubMed] [PMC] 
  2. Shen P, Yang X, He L. [Effect of Astragali and Angelica particle on proteinuria in Chinese patients with primary glomerulonephritis]. J Tradit Chin Med. 2016;36(3):299-306. Chinese. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  3. Zhang HW, Lin ZX, Xu C, Leung C, Chan LS. Astragalus (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(10):CD008369. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  4. Kaleeswaran B, Ramadevi S, Murugesan R, Srigopalram S, Suman T, Balasubramanian T. Evaluation of anti-urolithiatic potential of ethyl acetate extract of Pedalium murex L. on struvite crystal (kidney stone). J Tradit Complement Med. 2018;9(1):24-37. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  5. Luo Y, Yang SK, Zhou X, Wang M, Tang D, Liu FY, et al. Use of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (syn. Cordyceps sinensis) combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) versus ACEI/ARB alone in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Ren Fail. 2015;37(4):614-34. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  6. Slobodian EI, Kaladze NN, Govdaliuk AL, Kulik EI. Nefroprotektivnyĭ potentsial peloidoterapii v reabilitatsii bol'nykh khronicheskim pielonefritom [The nephroprotective potential of peloid therapy used for the rehabilitation of the patients presenting with chronic pyelonephritis]. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2017;94(3):62-68. Russian. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  7. Bennett PN, Ngo T, Kalife C, Schiller B. Improving wellbeing in patients undergoing dialysis: Can meditation help? Semin Dial. 2018;31(1):59-64. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  8. Gamsızkan Z, Kurt AE, Yücel A, Kartal M. Hekimlerin fitoterapi ürünlerine bakiş açisi [Physicians opinions of phytotherapy products]. Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine. 2011;2(2):1-3. [Crossref] 
  9. Ahmad M, Malik K, Tariq A, Zhang G, Yaseen G, Rashid N, et al. Botany, ethnomedicines, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Himalayan paeony (Paeonia emodi Royle.). J Ethnopharmacol. 2018;220:197-219. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  10. Khan T, Ahmad M, Nisar M, Ahmad M, Lodhi MA, Choudhary MI. Enzyme inhibition and radical scavenging activities of aerial parts of Paeonia emodi Wall (Paeoniaceae). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2005;20(3):245-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  11. He L, Peng X, Liu G, Tang C, Liu H, Liu F, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of triptolide on IgA nephropathy in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2015;37(5):421-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  12. Gao C, Huang XX, Bai M, Wu J, Li JY, Liu QB, et al. Anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids from Tripterygium wilfordii. Fitoterapia. 2015;105:49-54. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  13. Wang D, Zhao XH, Cui Y, Zhang TT, Wang F, Hu YH. Efficacy and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F for CKD in Mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res. 2018;32(3):436-51. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  14. Lui SL, Zhu D, Cheng SW, Ng F, Hui PC, Yip T, et al. Effects of Astragalus membranaceus-based Chinese Medicine Formulae on Residual Renal Function in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int. 2015;35(5):595-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  15. Shahzad M, Shabbir A, Wojcikowski K, Wohlmuth H, Gobe GC. The Antioxidant Effects of Radix Astragali (Astragalus membranaceus and Related Species) in Protecting Tissues from Injury and Disease. Curr Drug Targets. 2016;17(12):1331-40. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  16. Shahzad M, Small DM, Morais C, Wojcikowski K, Shabbir A, Gobe GC. Protection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in kidney epithelium by Angelica and Astragalus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;179:412-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  17. Ma PK, Wei BH, Cao YL, Miao Q, Chen N, Guo CE, et al. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and excretion of cycloastragenol, a potent telomerase activator in rats. Xenobiotica. 2017;47(6):526-37. [PubMed] 
  18. Rameshkumar A, Sivasudha T, Jeyadevi R, Sangeetha B, Smilin Bell Aseervatham G, Maheshwari M. Profiling of phenolic compounds using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and nephroprotective activity of Indian green leafy vegetable Merremia emarginata (Burm. f.). Food Research International. 2013;50(1):94-101. [Crossref] 
  19. Patel DK, Laloo D, Kumar R, Hemalatha S. Pedalium murex Linn.: an overview of its phytopharmacological aspects. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011;4(9):748-55. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  20. Rajashekar V, Rao EU, P S. Biological activities and medicinal properties of Gokhru (Pedalium murex L.). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2(7):581-5. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  21. Nandy S, Mukherjee A, Pandey DK, Ray P, Dey A. Indian Sarsaparilla (Hemidesmus indicus): Recent progress in research on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020;254:112609. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  22. Patel DM, Kanzariya NR, Patel NJ, Mehta HR, HA Modh. Evaluation of the efficacy of methanolic extract of Hemidesmus indicus in urolithiasis in wistar rats. 2010. [Link] 
  23. Dong X, Fu J, Yin X, Cao S, Li X, Lin L, et al. Emodin: A Review of its Pharmacology, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res. 2016;30(8):1207-18. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  24. Zhang ZH, Li MH, Liu D, Chen H, Chen DQ, Tan NH, et al. Rhubarb Protect Against Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-beta/Smad Pathway and Improving Abnormal Metabolome in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:1029. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  25. Lu Z, Zeng Y, Lu F, Liu X, Zou C. Rhubarb Enema Attenuates Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats by Alleviating Indoxyl Sulfate Overload. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0144726. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  26. Khan IA, Nasiruddin M, Haque SF, Khan RA. Evaluation of Rhubarb Supplementation in Stages 3 and 4 of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Chronic Dis. 2014;2014:789340. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  27. Yan M, Zhang LY, Sun LX, Jiang ZZ, Xiao XH. Nephrotoxicity study of total rhubarb anthraquinones on Sprague Dawley rats using DNA microarrays. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;107(2):308-11. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  28. Albersmeyer M, Hilge R, Schröttle A, Weiss M, Sitter T, Vielhauer V. Acute kidney injury after ingestion of rhubarb: secondary oxalate nephropathy in a patient with type 1 diabetes. BMC Nephrol. 2012;13:141. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  29. Li P, Gong Y, Zu N, Li Y, Wang B, Shimizu F. Therapeutic mechanism of Saikosaponin-d in anti-Thy1 mAb 1-22-3-induced rat model of glomerulonephritis. Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2005;101(4):e111-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  30. Yue K, Ye M, Zhou Z, Sun W, Lin X. The genus Cordyceps: a chemical and pharmacological review. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2013;65(4):474-93. [PubMed] 
  31. Zhang Y, Ao X, Li H, Deng S, Xiao Z, Peng W, et al. Cordyceps sinensis protects HK2 cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury through Sirt1 pathway. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2017;42(11):1263-9. Chinese. [PubMed] 
  32. Hong T, Zhang M, Fan J. Cordyceps sinensis (a traditional Chinese medicine) for kidney transplant recipients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(10):CD009698. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  33. Ong BY, Aziz Z. Efficacy of Cordyceps sinensis as an adjunctive treatment in kidney transplant patients: A systematic-review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2017;30:84-92. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  34. Siddiqi A, Nazneen Z; Haqnawaz, Alam SS, Tariq S. Mechanism Of Nephroprotection By Picrorhiza Kurroa. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2018;30(2):184-6. [PubMed] 
  35. Ezejiofor AN, Orisakwe OE. Nephroprotective effect of Costus afer on lead induced kidney damage in albino rats. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2019;11(2):36-44. [PubMed] [PMC] 
  36. Atilano-Roque A, Wen X, Aleksunes LM, Joy MS. Nrf2 activators as potential modulators of injury in human kidney cells. Toxicol Rep. 2016;3:153-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  37. Houghton CA, Fassett RG, Coombes JS. Sulforaphane and Other Nutrigenomic Nrf2 Activators: Can the Clinician's Expectation Be Matched by the Reality? Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:7857186. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  38. Briones-Herrera A, Avila-Rojas SH, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Cristóbal M, León-Contreras JC, Hernández-Pando R, et al. Sulforaphane prevents maleic acid-induced nephropathy by modulating renal hemodynamics, mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;115:185-197. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  39. Yoon HY, Kang NI, Lee HK, Jang KY, Park JW, Park BH. Sulforaphane protects kidneys against ischemia-reperfusion injury through induction of the Nrf2-dependent phase 2 enzyme. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008;75(11):2214-23. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  40. Cao H, Gerhold K, Mayers JR, Wiest MM, Watkins SM, Hotamisligil GS. Identification of a lipokine, a lipid hormone linking adipose tissue to systemic metabolism. Cell. 2008;134(6):933-44. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  41. Mozaffarian D, de Oliveira Otto MC, Lemaitre RN, Fretts AM, Hotamisligil G, Tsai MY, et al. trans-Palmitoleic acid, other dairy fat biomarkers, and incident diabetes: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(4):854-61. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  42. Frigolet ME, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. The Role of the Novel Lipokine Palmitoleic Acid in Health and Disease. Adv Nutr. 2017;8(1):173S-181S. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  43. Sieber J, Lindenmeyer MT, Kampe K, Campbell KN, Cohen CD, Hopfer H, et al. Regulation of podocyte survival and endoplasmic reticulum stress by fatty acids. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010;299(4):F821-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  44. van Heerden B, Kasonga A, Kruger MC, Coetzee M. Palmitoleic Acid Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption by Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Signalling Pathways. Nutrients. 2017;9(5):441. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  45. Oh JS, Kim SM, Sin YH, Kim JK, Park Y, Bae HR, et al. Comparison of erythrocyte membrane fatty acid contents in renal transplant recipients and dialysis patients. Transplant Proc. 2012;44(10):2932-5. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  46. Tuglu D, Yılmaz E, Yuvanc E, Erguder I, Kisa U, Bal F, et al. Viburnum opulus: could it be a new alternative, such as lemon juice, to pharmacological therapy in hypocitraturic stone patients? Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2014;86(4):297-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  47. Karaçelik AA, Küçük M, İskefiyeli Z, Aydemir S, De Smet S, Miserez B, et al. Antioxidant components of Viburnum opulus L. determined by on-line HPLC-UV-ABTS radical scavenging and LC-UV-ESI-MS methods. Food Chem. 2015;175:106-14. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  48. Wang R, Hassan W, Ahmad FUD, Jabeen Q, Ahmed H, Iqbal O. Citrus aurantium Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:3960908. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  49. Baykara M, Silici S, Özçelik M, Güler O, Erdoğan N, Bilgen M. In vivo nephroprotective efficacy of propolis against contrast-induced nephropathy. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2015;21(4):317-21. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  50. Mannari C, Bertelli AA, Stiaccini G, Giovannini L. Wine, sirtuins and nephroprotection: not only resveratrol. Med Hypotheses. 2010;75(6):636-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  51. Wu M, Gu J, Mei S, Xu D, Jing Y, Yao Q, et al. Resveratrol delays polycystic kidney disease progression through attenuation of nuclear factor κB-induced inflammation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016;31(11):1826-34. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  52. Hall S, Dixit M, Arany I. Resveratrol Attenuates Nicotine-mediated Oxidative Injury by Inducing Manganese Superoxide Dismutase in Renal Proximal Tubule Cells. In Vivo. 2017;31(4):551-5. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  53. Boldyrev AA, Aldini G, Derave W. Physiology and pathophysiology of carnosine. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(4):1803-45. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  54. Peters V, Klessens CQ, Baelde HJ, Singler B, Veraar KA, Zutinic A, et al. Intrinsic carnosine metabolism in the human kidney. Amino Acids. 2015;47(12):2541-50. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  55. Elbarbary NS, Ismail EAR, El-Naggar AR, Hamouda MH, El-Hamamsy M. The effect of 12 weeks carnosine supplementation on renal functional integrity and oxidative stress in pediatric patients with diabetic nephropathy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19(3):470-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  56. Jepson RG, Williams G, Craig JC. Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;10(10):CD001321. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  57. Durham SH, Stamm PL, Eiland LS. Cranberry Products for the Prophylaxis of Urinary Tract Infections in Pediatric Patients. Ann Pharmacother. 2015;49(12):1349-56. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  58. Tasanarong A, Kongkham S, Itharat A. Antioxidant effect of Phyllanthus emblica extract prevents contrast-induced acute kidney injury. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:138. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  59. Bhatia J, Tabassum F, Sharma AK, Bharti S, Golechha M, Joshi S, et al. Emblica officinalis exerts antihypertensive effect in a rat model of DOCA-salt-induced hypertension: role of (p) eNOS, NO and oxidative stress. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2011;11(3):272-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  60. Yokozawa T, Kim HY, Kim HJ, Tanaka T, Sugino H, Okubo T, et al. Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) attenuates age-related renal dysfunction by oxidative stress. J Agric Food Chem. 2007;55(19):7744-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  61. Muthu PR, Bobby Z, Sankar P, Vickneshwaran V, Jacob SE. Amla (Emblica officinalis) improves hepatic and renal oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in hypothyroid female wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2018;29(2):175-184. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  62. Variya BC, Bakrania AK, Patel SS. Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and medicinal potentials with respect to molecular mechanisms. Pharmacol Res. 2016;111:180-200. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  63. Barnes VA, Kapuku GK, Treiber FA. Impact of transcendental meditation on left ventricular mass in african american adolescents. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:923153. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  64. Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM, Blowey D, Carroll AE, Daniels SR, et al. Urbina EM; subcommittee on screening and management of high blood pressure in children. Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2017;140(3):e20171904. Erratum in: Pediatrics. 2017: Erratum in: Pediatrics. 2018;142(3). [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  65. Ooi SL, Giovino M, Pak SC. Transcendental meditation for lowering blood pressure: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Complement Ther Med. 2017;34:26-34. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  66. Park J, Lyles RH, Bauer-Wu S. Mindfulness meditation lowers muscle sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in African-American males with chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2014;307(1):R93-R101. [PubMed] [PMC] 
  67. Bennett PN, Ngo T, Kalife C, Schiller B. Improving wellbeing in patients undergoing dialysis: Can meditation help? Semin Dial. 2018;31(1):59-64. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  68. Bennett PN, Parsons T, Ben-Moshe R, Neal M, Weinberg MK, Gilbert K, et al. Intradialytic Laughter Yoga therapy for haemodialysis patients: a pre-post intervention feasibility study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:176. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  69. Ye T, Tu W, Xu G. Hot bath for the treatment of chronic renal failure. Ren Fail. 2014;36(1):126-30. [Crossref] [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com