Fiziksel aktivite ve egzersiz, beklenen yaşam ömrünün ve kişilerdeki uzun vadeli koşulların artmasıyla beraber daha fazla kullanılması muhtemel olan bir tedavi seçeneğidir. Fiziksel aktivitenin yaşlı bireylerde sağlığı geliştirmek adına faydaları oldukça fazla olmasına rağmen; Dünya Sağlık Örgütü raporlarında, yaşlı bireylerin yetersiz fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin küresel bir sorun olduğu bildirilmektedir. Yeni egzersiz programlarına başlayan yaşlı bireylerin yaklaşık %50'sinin bunları 6 ay içinde askıya alması ve egzersiz seanslarına katıldıktan sonra egzersize devam etme oranının ise yaklaşık %30 olması, kişilerin aktiviteye uyum ve devamlılığının zorluğunu göstermektedir. Bu kritik bir husustur, çünkü bu popülasyondaki tedavi sonuçları müdahalelere gösterilen uyumla yakından ilişkili olmaktadır. Yaşlı bireylerde fiziksel aktiviteye uyum ve devamlılık davranışındaki bariyer ve fasilitatörler çok faktörlü karmaşık bir yapıya sahiptir. Düşük öz yeterlik, düşme korkusu, düşük motivasyon, depresyon, ilgi eksikliği, sağlık durumu, fiziksel yetenek, düşük beklentiler, program özellikleri ve sosyoekonomik durum gibi yaşlı bireylerde fiziksel aktiviteye uyum ve devamlılığı etkileyen bir dizi faktör vardır. Bu davranışı tek bir açıdan ele almaktan ziyade kişisel, sosyal ve çevresel faktörlerin bir bütün hâlinde düşünülmesi gerekmektedir. Fiziksel aktivite ve egzersize uyumu teşvik eden stratejilerin gelecekte de sağlık profesyonelleri için önemli bir faktör olacağı açıktır. Bu hususta ise yaşlı bireyleri fiziksel aktivite yapmaktan alıkoyabilecek bariyerlerin ve yaşlıları fiziksel aktivite yapmaya motive edebilecek fasilitatörlerin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Yerel yönetimler, sağlık hizmeti sunucuları ve sağlık profesyonellerinin bu bariyerlere yönelik uygun müdahalelerde bulunmalarının yanı sıra fasilitatör faktörleri teşvik etmeleri ve bu yönde yaşlılara gereken imkânları optimal düzeyde sunmaları önem teşkil etmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Egzersiz; hasta uyumu; motivasyon; yaşlı
Physical activity and exercise is a treatment option that is likely to be used more with the increase in life expectancy and longterm conditions in individuals. Although physical activity has many benefits to improve health in the elderly; in the World Health Organization reports, it is reported that insufficient physical activity levels of the elderly are a global problem. Approximately 50% of the elderly who start new exercise programs suspend them within 6 months, and the rate of continuing exercise is approximately 30%, which indicates the difficulty of compliance and maintaining the activity. This is critical because treatment outcomes in elderly are closely related to compliance to interventions. Barriers and facilitators in the behavior of compliance and maintaining to physical activity in elderly have a complex structure with multiple factors. There are a number of factors that affect compliance and maintaining in physical activity in elderly individuals, such as low self-efficacy, fear of falling, low motivation, depression, lack of interest, health status, physical ability, low expectations, program characteristics and socioeconomic status. Within the scope of this behavior, personal, social and environmental factors should be considered as a whole. It is clear that strategies that promote physical activity and exercise compliance will be an important factor for health professionals in the future. In this respect, it is necessary to know the physical activity barriers and facilitators for the elderly. It is important that local governments, healthcare providers and health professionals make appropriate interventions against these barriers, as well as encourage facilitator factors and provide the necessary opportunities to the elderly at an optimal level in this direction.
Keywords: Exercise; patient compliance; motivation; aged
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