İnsanoğlu ilk zamanlarda bitkilerin tedavi edici etkilerini deneme-yanılmayla, tesadüflerle veya içgüdüleriyle davranan hayvanları gözlemleyerek öğrenmiştir. Veteriner hekimlikte doğal kaynakların kullanımı da çok eskilere dayanmaktadır. Günümüzde bitkisel ilaçlarda kalite, etkinlik ve güvenlilik çalışmaları oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Veteriner hekimlikte kullanılan bitkisel ürünlerin etkinlik ve güvenliliğine dair çalışmalar oldukça sınırlı kalmıştır. Etnobotanik ve etnoveteriner araştırmalardan hareketle yapılacak bilimsel çalışmalar sonucunda elde edilebilecek önemli ilaç molekülleri ve/veya bitki ekstrelerinin kalite, etkinlik ve güvenlik kriterlerini bulundurması gerekmektedir. Günümüzde giderek artan organik tarım ve hayvancılıkta sentetik ilaç kullanımı yerine bitkisel ürünlerin kullanımı değer kazanmaktadır. Bu sebeple de veteriner hekimlikte doğal kaynakların kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Türkiye'de veteriner hekimlik alanında ruhsatlı bir bitkisel ilaç bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye açısından önem taşıyacak bitkilerin etnoveterinerlikte kullanımına dair bilgiler derlenmiştir. Bir ilacın geliştirilmesinin uzun süreçler gerektirmesinin yanında hayvanların ve insanların tedavisi için geleneksel kullanımı olan bitkilerin ön klinik çalışma basamaklarını atlayabilmesi de bu ürünler için önemli bir basamaktır. Etnoveterinerlikte kullanılan bitkileri içeren familyalardan başlıcası Asteraceae'dir. Literatürde en çok yara iyi edici amaçla ve diyare tedavisinde çeşitli bitkilerin kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Genelde ham drog olarak dâhilen kullanımın daha çok tercih edildiği dikkat çekmektedir. Ayrıca veteriner hekimlikte en çok kullanılan bitkilerin, insanlarda da tıbbi olarak kullanıldığı görülmüştür.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Etnoveteriner tıp; etnoveterinerlikte tıbbi bitkiler; tıbbi bitki
Mankind has learned the therapeutic effects of plants by trial-error, coincidence or observing the animals. Utilization of medicinal herbs in veterinary medicine has a very long history. Nowadays, it is important to be made quality, efficacy and safety studies for herbal medicines. But about the efficacy and safety studies of medicinal herbs in veterinary medicine has been very limited. It was found that pastoralist played an important role on the survival of ethnoveterinary knowledge up to today. Nowadays, the rise at organic agriculture and animal husbandry requires the use of herbal medicine instead of synthetic drugs. So, the using of natural sources in veterinary medicine is increasing day by day. Important drug molecules and/or plant extracts that can be obtained as a result of scientific studies based on ethnobotanical and ethnoveterinary researches should have quality, efficacy and safety criteria. Today there is no licensed veterinary herbal medicine in Türkiye. In this study, information on the use of plants that will be important for Türkiye and the world in ethnoveterinary medicine has been compiled. In addition to the fact that the development of a drug requires long processes, it is an important step for these products that plants that have traditional uses for the treatment of animals and humans can skip the pre-clinical study steps. Asteraceae is the main family that includes plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine. In the literature, it is seen that various plants are mostly used for wound healing purposes and in the treatment of diarrhea. It is noteworthy that, in general, internal use as a raw drug is more preferred. In addition, it has been seen that the most used plants in veterinary medicine are also used medicinally in humans.
Keywords: Ethnoveterinary medicine; ethnoveterinary medicinal plants; medicinal plants
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