Triptofan; serotonin, melatonin, triptamin, nikotinik asit gibi önemli bileşiklerin sentezinde rol alan esansiyel aromatik bir amino asittir. Bu nedenle iştah, ağırlık kazanımı, uyku, ruh durumu, ağrı gibi pek çok fizyolojik durum ile ilişkilidir. Günlük triptofan gereksinimi, vücut ağırlığının kg'ı başına 5 mg'dır. Triptofanın beyine alınması ve aktif metabolitlere dönüşümü, alım miktarıyla ilişkili olduğu kadar ortamdaki diğer amino asitlerin özellikle büyük nötral amino asitlerin (valin, lösin, izolösin, fenilalanin, tirozin) varlığına da bağlıdır. Akut triptofan eksikliğinin, hafif şişman bireylerde şekerli besinlerden gelen enerji alımını artırdığı, düzelmiş depresyon hastalarında depresif yanıtı uyardığı, uyku süresi ve kalitesinde azalmaya, uzun süreli bellek işlevlerinde bozukluğa, migren hastalarında ışık kaynaklı ağrının ve migren ataklarının artmasına yol açtığı saptanmıştır. Triptofanın uyku üzerine olumlu etkisi dışında besin olarak alımının, vücutta ilaç benzeri hastalıklara karşı aktif bir işlevine rastlanmamıştır. Bununla birlikte triptofan destekleri, özellikle depresyon, bazı kognitif bozukluklar, kronik ağrı ve uyku bozukluklarında uzun süredir kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca bu desteklerin, hafif şişman bireylerde tek başına enerji alımını azalttığı ve ağırlık kaybını sağladığı görülmüştür. Ancak triptofan desteklerinin, 1989 yılında eozinofili miyalji hastalığına yol açması ve bu durumdan pek çok kişinin zarar görmesi sebebiyle Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi tarafından kullanımı bir süre yasaklanmış olup, 2005 yılında bu yasak kalkmıştır. Bununla birlikte 2005 yılından itibaren triptofan desteği kullanım sonucu, 2 adet eozinofilia miyalji ve 2 adet miyalji tanısı almış toplam 4 olgu bulunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Triptofan; obezite; uyku; ağrı
Tryptophan is an essential aromatic aminoacid. It plays role for the important substances synthesis such as serotonine, melatonine, tryptamine, nicotinic acid. Therefore, it affects some physiological conditions such as weight gain, sleep activity, mood, pain. Daily triptophan requirement is 5 mg per kg body weight. Brain tryptophan uptake and conversion to active metabolites there, related with its amount of intake and presence of other aminoacids especially large neutral amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine) in blood. Acute tryptophan depletion increases energy intake from foods high in sugar in overweight adults, stimulates depressive responses in patients with depression, decreases sleep duration and efficiancy, causes impaired long-term memory functioning and increases migraine symptoms and photophobia in patients who suffer from migraine. Except for sleep problems, there is no drug-like, active effects of tryptophan taken in food for diseases. Neverthless, tryptophan supplement has been used for a long time especially for depression, some cognitive problems, chronic pain and sleep problems. Besides, it is reported that tryptophan supplement decreases energy intake and provides weight loss alone in overweight adults. However, in 1989 since it caused eosinophilia myalgia syndrome and most of people harmed, it was banned by Food and Drug Administration for a while and in 2005, this ban was lifted. Because of using tryptophan two cases having eosinophilia myalgia sendrome and 2 cases having myalgias have been reported since 2005.
Keywords: Tryptophan; obesity; sleep; pain
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