Tiroid bezi, larinksin sonu ve trakeanın başlangıcının 2 tarafında sağda ve solda bulunan, oldukça vasküler yapılı bir bezdir. Tiroid hormonlarını [triyodotironin (T3) ve tiroksin (T4)] üretir, depolar ve salgılar. Tiroid hormonları büyüme, gelişme ve metabolizma için de oldukça önemlidir. Hipotiroidizm, hipertiroidizm, ötiroid, guatr, tiroid nodülleri, tiroidit ve tiroid kanserleri tiroid bezi fonksiyon bozukluklarından kaynaklanmaktadır. Tiroid hormonu sentezlenmesi ve salgılanması sırasında meydana gelen herhangi bir problem, bu hastalıklara sebep olabilir. Tiroid hormonlarının sentezi ve salınımındaki anomaliler, hem bazal metabolik oranın değişmesine hem de buna bağlı olarak pek çok sağlık problemine yol açmaktadır. Farklı sebeplerle ortaya çıkan tiroid semptomlarının düzelmesi için insanlar, bitkilerle tedavi gibi doğal yöntemlere başvurmaktadırlar. Literatür incelemeleri sonucunda, bitkilerin tiroid fonksiyon bozuklarında etkili ve güvenilir şekilde kullanımıyla ilgili az sayıda klinik çalışma tespit edilmiştir. Bu derlemede, bu klinik çalışmalar ve daha detaylı olarak bitkilerin etnobotanik ve etnofarmakolojik verileri incelenmiştir. Kullanım amacına bağlı olarak, tıbbi bitkilerin tiroid bezi metabolizmasına, tiroid hormonlarına ve tiroid bezi fonksiyon bozukluklarının tedavisine olan etkilerine yer verilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, tiroid fonksiyon bozukluklarında faydalı olduğu düşünülen 42 farklı familyadan, 68 farklı bitki bulunmaktadır. Konuyla ilgili yaklaşık 36 bitki üzerinde in vivo çalışma yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu bitkilerin, genellikle hipotiroidi veya hipertiroidide etkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Literatür incelemeleri sonucunda, halk tarafından genellikle bitkilerin yapraklarından hazırlanan sulu ekstrelerin kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu derlemenin, tiroid fonksiyon bozukluklarının bitkisel ilaçlarla tedavisine yönelik ileride yapılacak araştırmalara ışık tutabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Tiroid; fitoterapi; hipotiroidizm; hipertiroidizm; bitkisel ilaç
Thyroid gland is vascular gland located on the right and left sides of the end of the larynx the beginning of the trachea. It produces, stores, secretes thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are important for growth, development, metabolism. Thyroid gland dysfunctions: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, euthyroid, goiter, thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, thyroid cancers. Any problems in the synthesis, secretion of thyroid hormone may be the cause of these diseases. Abnormalities in the synthesis, secretion of thyroid hormones lead to both changes in the basal metabolic rate and health problems. People resort to natural methods such as treatment with plants to improve thyroid symptoms that occur for different reasons. As a result of the literature reviews, few clinical studies have been identified regarding the effective and reliable use of plants in thyroid dysfunction. In this review, these clinical studies and ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological data of these plants were examined in more detail. Depending on the intended use, the effects of medicinal plants on thyroid gland metabolism, thyroid hormones, treatment of thyroid gland dysfunctions are included. In our study, there are 68 different plants from 42 different families that are thought to be beneficial in thyroid dysfunction and 36 in vivo studies. These plants have generally been found to be effective in hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. As a result of literature reviews, it is determined that the leaves of plants are used for water extracts. It is thought that this review may shed some light on further research on the treatment of thyroid dysfunction with herbal medicines.
Keywords: Thyroid; phytotherapy; hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism; herbal medicine
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