.: ORİJİNAL ARAŞTIRMA
The Effect of Prematurity on Refraction and Keratometric Measurements: Observational Research
Prematüritenin Kırma Kusurları ve Keratometrik Ölçümler Üzerine Etkisi: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol. 2023;32(4):253-9
doi: 10.5336/ophthal.2023-98714
Makale Dili: EN
Tam Metin
ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare refraction and keratometry measurements between preterm and full-term infants and to evaluate the possible effect of postmenstrual age (PMA) and birth weight (BW) on these parameters. Material and Methods: Fifty eight preterm infants (Group I) and 57 term infants (Group II) were enrolled. Each subject underwent ophthalmic examination and the results were recorded. Results: The study included 115 infants with a mean birth week of 35.17±3.96 weeks and a BW of 2510.70±896.72 g. Examination was performed at a mean PMA of 42.17±4.21 weeks in Group I and 46.18±3.12 weeks in Group II. The keratometry values of the groups were 47.88±3.19 diopters (D) in Group I and 45.70±3.38 D in Group II, respectively. Corneal refractive power of preterm infants was found to be significantly higher than full-term infants (p=0.001). Inverse relationship was found between PMA and keratometry value in preterm infants (p<0.001, ß=-0.63), and between PMA and BW and keratometry values in term infants (p=0.03, ß=-0.28 for PMA, p=0.02, ß=-0.30 for BW). In addition, preterm infants were significantly more myopic than full-term infants (p=0.009). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study supports that myopic shift, as well as the steep and refractive corneas, are significantly associated with the prematurity.
Keywords: Retinopathy of prematurity; keratometry; refractive outcome; myopia; term birth
Objective: To compare refraction and keratometry measurements between preterm and full-term infants and to evaluate the possible effect of postmenstrual age (PMA) and birth weight (BW) on these parameters. Material and Methods: Fifty eight preterm infants (Group I) and 57 term infants (Group II) were enrolled. Each subject underwent ophthalmic examination and the results were recorded. Results: The study included 115 infants with a mean birth week of 35.17±3.96 weeks and a BW of 2510.70±896.72 g. Examination was performed at a mean PMA of 42.17±4.21 weeks in Group I and 46.18±3.12 weeks in Group II. The keratometry values of the groups were 47.88±3.19 diopters (D) in Group I and 45.70±3.38 D in Group II, respectively. Corneal refractive power of preterm infants was found to be significantly higher than full-term infants (p=0.001). Inverse relationship was found between PMA and keratometry value in preterm infants (p<0.001, ß=-0.63), and between PMA and BW and keratometry values in term infants (p=0.03, ß=-0.28 for PMA, p=0.02, ß=-0.30 for BW). In addition, preterm infants were significantly more myopic than full-term infants (p=0.009). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study supports that myopic shift, as well as the steep and refractive corneas, are significantly associated with the prematurity.
Keywords: Retinopathy of prematurity; keratometry; refractive outcome; myopia; term birth
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, preterm ve term yenidoğanların refraksiyon ve keratometri ölçümlerini karşılaştırmak ve postmenstrüel yaş (PMY) ve doğum ağırlığının (DA) bu parametreler üzerindeki olası etkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Elli sekiz prematüre (Grup I) ve 57 term (Grup II) yenidoğan çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Tüm yenidoğanlara detaylı göz muayenesi yapılarak sonuçlar kaydedildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya ortalama doğum haftası 35,17±3,96 hafta ve doğum ağırlığı 2510,70±896,72 g olan 115 yenidoğan dâhil edildi. Ortalama postmenstrüel muayene haftası Grup I'de 42,17±4,21 hafta, Grup II'de ise 46,18±3,12 hafta idi. Grupların keratometri değerleri sırasıyla Grup I'de 47,88±3,19 diyoptri (D) ve Grup II'de 45,70±3,38 D idi. Prematüre yenidoğanların korneal kırma gücü, term yenidoğanlardan anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p=0,001). Prematüre yenidoğanlarda PMY ile keratometri değeri arasında (p<0,001, ß=-0,63), term yenidoğanlarda PMY ile DA ve keratometri değerleri arasında ters yönlü ilişki tespit edildi (PMY için p=0,03, ß=-0,28, p=0,02, DA için ß=-0,30). Ek olarak prematüre yenidoğanlar, term yenidoğanlara göre anlamlı olarak daha miyop idi (p=0.009). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, dik ve kırıcı korneaların yanı sıra miyopik kırma kusurunun prematürite ile önemli ölçüde ilişkili olduğunu desteklemektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Prematüre retinopatisi; keratometri; kırma kusuru; miyop; term doğum
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, preterm ve term yenidoğanların refraksiyon ve keratometri ölçümlerini karşılaştırmak ve postmenstrüel yaş (PMY) ve doğum ağırlığının (DA) bu parametreler üzerindeki olası etkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Elli sekiz prematüre (Grup I) ve 57 term (Grup II) yenidoğan çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Tüm yenidoğanlara detaylı göz muayenesi yapılarak sonuçlar kaydedildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya ortalama doğum haftası 35,17±3,96 hafta ve doğum ağırlığı 2510,70±896,72 g olan 115 yenidoğan dâhil edildi. Ortalama postmenstrüel muayene haftası Grup I'de 42,17±4,21 hafta, Grup II'de ise 46,18±3,12 hafta idi. Grupların keratometri değerleri sırasıyla Grup I'de 47,88±3,19 diyoptri (D) ve Grup II'de 45,70±3,38 D idi. Prematüre yenidoğanların korneal kırma gücü, term yenidoğanlardan anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p=0,001). Prematüre yenidoğanlarda PMY ile keratometri değeri arasında (p<0,001, ß=-0,63), term yenidoğanlarda PMY ile DA ve keratometri değerleri arasında ters yönlü ilişki tespit edildi (PMY için p=0,03, ß=-0,28, p=0,02, DA için ß=-0,30). Ek olarak prematüre yenidoğanlar, term yenidoğanlara göre anlamlı olarak daha miyop idi (p=0.009). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, dik ve kırıcı korneaların yanı sıra miyopik kırma kusurunun prematürite ile önemli ölçüde ilişkili olduğunu desteklemektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Prematüre retinopatisi; keratometri; kırma kusuru; miyop; term doğum
REFERANSLAR:
- Schalij-Delfos NE, de Graaf ME, Treffers WF, Engel J, Cats BP. Long term follow up of premature infants: detection of strabismus, amblyopia, and refractive errors. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84(9):963-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Leung MP, Thompson B, Black J, Dai S, Alsweiler JM. The effects of preterm birth on visual development. Clin Exp Optom. 2018;101(1):4-12. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Yang CS, Wang AG, Shih YF, Hsu WM. Long-term biometric optic components of diode laser-treated threshold retinopathy of prematurity at 9 years of age. Acta Ophthalmol. 2013;91(4):e276-82. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Katoch D, Sanghi G, Dogra MR, Beke N, Gupta A. Structural sequelae and refractive outcome 1 year after laser treatment for type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity in Asian Indian eyes. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2011;59(6):423-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Goktas A, Sener EC, Sanac AS. An assessment of ocular morbidities of children born prematurely in early childhood. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2012;49(4):236-41. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Fledelius H. Prematurity and the eye. Ophthalmic 10-year follow-up of children of low and normal birth weight. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl. 1976;128:3-245. [PubMed]
- Choi MY, Park IK, Yu YS. Long term refractive outcome in eyes of preterm infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity: comparison of keratometric value, axial length, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84(2):138-43. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Kaur S, Dogra M, Sukhija J, Samanta R, Singh SR, Grover S, et al. Preterm refraction and ocular biometry in children with and without retinopathy of prematurity in the first year of life. J AAPOS. 2021;25(5):271.e1-1.e6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Inagaki Y. The rapid change of corneal curvature in the neonatal period and infancy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;104(7):1026-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Friling R, Weinberger D, Kremer I, Avisar R, Sirota L, Snir M. Keratometry measurements in preterm and full term newborn infants. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(1):8-10. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Snir M, Friling R, Weinberger D, Sherf I, Axer-Siegel R. Refraction and keratometry in 40 week old premature (corrected age) and term infants. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(7):900-4. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Ehlers N, Sorensen T, Bramsen T, Poulsen EH. Central corneal thickness in newborns and children. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1976;54(3):285-90. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Chiang MF, Quinn GE, Fielder AR, Ostmo SR, Paul Chan RV, Berrocal A, et al. International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(10):e51-e68. [PubMed]
- Good WV; Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Final results of the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) randomized trial. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2004;102:233-48; discussion 248-50. [PubMed] [PMC]
- Chen TC, Tsai TH, Shih YF, Yeh PT, Yang CH, Hu FC, et al. Long-term evaluation of refractive status and optical components in eyes of children born prematurely. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(12):6140-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Quinn GE, Dobson V, Repka MX, Reynolds J, Kivlin J, Davis B, et al. Development of myopia in infants with birth weights less than 1251 grams. The Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Ophthalmology. 1992;99(3):329-40. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Cook A, White S, Batterbury M, Clark D. Ocular growth and refractive error development in premature infants with or without retinopathy of prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(12):5199-207. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Garcia-Valenzuela E, Kaufman LM. High myopia associated with retinopathy of prematurity is primarily lenticular. J AAPOS. 2005;9(2):121-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Holmström M, el Azazi M, Kugelberg U. Ophthalmological long-term follow up of preterm infants: a population based, prospective study of the refraction and its development. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998;82(11):1265-71. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Quinn GE, Dobson V, Kivlin J, Kaufman LM, Repka MX, Reynolds JD, et al. Prevalence of myopia between 3 months and 5 1/2 years in preterm infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(7):1292-300. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kim JY, Kwak SI, Yu YS. Myopia in premature infants at the age of 6 months. Korean J Ophthalmol. 1992;6(1):44-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Schaffer DB, Quinn GE, Johnson L. Sequelae of arrested mild retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102(3):373-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Inagaki Y, Tanaka M, Hirano A, Magatani H, Kato K, Nakajima A. Rearranged automated keratometer for newborn infants and patients in the supine position. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985;99(6):664-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gallo JE, Fagerholm P. Low-grade myopia in children with regressed retinopathy of prematurity. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1993;71(4):519-23. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Akil H, Keskin S, Çavdarli C. Comparison of the refractive measurements with hand-held autorefractometer, table-mounted autorefractometer and cycloplegic retinoscopy in children. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2015;29(3):178-84. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Huynh SC, Mai TQ, Kifley A, Wang JJ, Rose KA, Mitchell P. An evaluation of keratometry in 6-year-old children. Cornea. 2006;25(4):383-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hashemi H, Heydarian S, Khabazkhoob M, Yekta A, Emamian MH, Fotouhi A. Keratometry in children: Comparison between auto-refractokeratometer, rotating scheimpflug imaging, and biograph. J Optom. 2019;12(2):99-110. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Donzis PB, Insler MS, Gordon RA. Corneal curvatures in premature infants. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985;99(2):213-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
.: İşlem Listesi