Objective: This research was conducted to determine the effect of itching on fatigue and quality of life in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis treatment. Material and Methods: The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 190 patients receiving hemodialysis treatment in four dialysis centers affiliated with hospitals in two provinces in the Black Sea Region of Türkiye between March and May 2023. The data were collected by using the face-toface interview technique using a ''Descriptive Characteristics Form'', the ''5-D Itch Scale'', the ''Fatigue Severity Scale'', and the ''World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Tr 8)''. Results: It was found that 93.7% of the patients undergoing hemodialysis had itching. The total mean score of the patients was 9.77±3.60 on the 5-D Itch Scale, 47.06±12.42 on the Fatigue Severity Scale, and 25.77±4.70 on the WHOQOL-Tr 8. While a positive correlation was found between the patients' total mean scores on the 5-D Itch Scale and Fatigue Severity Scale, a negative correlation was found between their total mean scores on the 5-D Itch Scale and WHOQOL-Tr 8 (p<0.05). 5-D Itch Scale had a predictive effect on Fatigue Severity Scale and WHOQOL-Tr 8 (R2 adjusted: 0.094, R2 adjusted: 0.034). Conclusion: It was determined that the majority of patients experienced itching, and as the severity of itching increased, the severity of fatigue increased and the quality of life decreased. Pruritus has been identified as a predictor that negatively affects fatigue and quality of life in patients receiving hemodialysis treatment. It is recommended that hemodialysis nurses provide effective itching management in patients.
Keywords: Hemodialysis; itching; quality of life; fatigue; nursing
Amaç: Bu araştırma, kronik hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastalarda kaşıntının yorgunluk ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte yapılan araştırma, Mart-Mayıs 2023 tarihleri arasında Türkiye'nin Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde yer alan 2 ildeki hastanelere bağlı 4 diyaliz merkezinde hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan 190 hasta ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler, ''Tanımlayıcı Özellikler Formu'', ''5 Boyutlu Kaşıntı Ölçeği'', ''Yorgunluk Şiddeti Ölçeği'' ve ''Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Anketi [World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Tr 8)]'' kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile toplandı. Bulgular: Hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastaların %93,7'sinde kaşıntı görüldüğü saptandı. Hastaların 5 Boyutlu Kaşıntı Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 9,77±3,60, Yorgunluk Şiddet Ölçeği 47,06±12,42 ve WHOQOL-Tr 8 25,77±4,70 olarak bulundu. Hastaların 5 Boyutlu Kaşıntı Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması ile Yorgunluk Şiddet Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması arasında pozitif yönlü ve WHOQOL-Tr 8 toplam puanı ile negatif yönlü bir ilişki saptandı (p<0,05). 5 Boyutlu Kaşıntı Ölçeği'nin Yorgunluk Şiddet ve WHOQOL-Tr 8 üzerine yordayıcı etkisi vardır (R2 ayarlanmış: 0,094, R2 ayarlanmış: 0,034). Sonuç: Hastaların büyük çoğunluğunun kaşıntı yaşadığı, kaşıntı şiddeti arttıkça yorgunluk şiddetinin arttığı ve yaşam kalitesinin azaldığı saptandı. Kaşıntı, hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastalarda yorgunluk ve yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkileyen bir yordayıcı olarak belirlendi. Hemodiyaliz hemşirelerinin hastalarda etkili bir kaşıntı yönetimi sağlaması önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemodiyaliz; kaşıntı; yaşam kalitesi; yorgunluk; hemşirelik
- Şanlıtürk D, Ovayolu N, Kes D. Hemodiyaliz hastalarında sık karşılaşılan problemler ve çözüm önerileri [Common problems in hemodialysis patients and the problem solving recommendations]. Journal of Nephrology Nursing. 2018;13(1):17-25. [Link]
- Kavurmacı M. Prevalence of uremic itching in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Hemodial Int. 2015;19(4):531-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Mettang T, Kremer AE. Uremic pruritus. Kidney Int. 2015;87(4):685-91. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Altınok Ersoy N, Akyar İ. Multidimensional pruritus assessment in hemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20(1):42. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Kılıç Akça N, Taşcı S. An important problem among hemodialysis patients: uremic pruritus and affecting factors. Turkish Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Journal. 2014;23(3):210-6. [Crossref]
- Sanai M, Aman S, Nadeem M, Kazmi AH. Dermatologic manifestations in patients of renal disease on hemodialysis. Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists. 2010;20(3):163-8. [Link]
- Ständer S, Stumpf A, Osada N, Wilp S, Chatzigeorgakidis E, Pfleiderer B. Gender differences in chronic pruritus: women present different morbidity, more scratch lesions and higher burden. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168(6):1273-80. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Mollanazar NK, Koch SD, Yosipovitch G. Epidemiology of chronic pruritus: where have we been and where are we going? Current Dermatology Reports. 2015;4(1):20-9. [Crossref]
- Rehman IU, Lai PS, Kun LS, Lee LH, Chan KG, Khan TM. Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus and quality of life in malaysian patients undergoing hemodialysis. Ther Apher Dial. 2020;24(1):17-25. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Fishbane S, Mathur V, Germain MJ, Shirazian S, Bhaduri S, Munera C, et al; Trial Investigators. Randomized controlled trial of difelikefalin for chronic pruritus in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int Rep. 2020;5(5):600-10. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Mahmoud ME, Abd Allah ES, Abdel-Aziz HR. Effect of nursing intervention on quality of life of elderly hemodialysis patients with uremic pruritus. Tobacco Regulatory Science. 2020;8(1):4130-48. [Link]
- Dean AG, Sullivan KM, Soe MM. OpenEpi: Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health, Version. 2013. Cited: January 15, 2023. Available from: [Link]
- Elman S, Hynan LS, Gabriel V, Mayo MJ. The 5-D itch scale: a new measure of pruritus. Br J Dermatol. 2010;162(3):587-93. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Altınok EN, Akyar İ. Kronik böbrek yetmezliği olan hastalarda 5-D Kaşıntı Ölçeği'nin geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışması [Validity and reliability of 5-D Itch Scale on chronic renal disease patients]. Acibadem University Journal of Health Sciences. 2018;9(4):455-61. [Link]
- Krupp LB, Alvarez LA, LaRocca NG, Scheinberg LC. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1988;45(4):435-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Armutlu K, Korkmaz NC, Keser I, Sumbuloglu V, Akbiyik DI, Guney Z, et al. The validity and reliability of the Fatigue Severity Scale in Turkish multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Rehabil Res. 2007;30(1):81-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Eser E, Lağarlı T, Baydur H, Akkurt V, Akkuş H, Arslan E, et al. EUROHIS (WHOQOL-8.Tr) Türkçe sürümünün Türk toplumundaki psikometrik özellikleri [Pschometric properties of The Turkish version of the EUROHIS-Tr (WHOQOL-8-Tr) in a Turkish population]. Turkish Journal of People Health. 2010;8(3):136-52. [Link]
- Çakır C, Kaya Özden H, Şengül E. Hemodiyaliz hastalarında nötrofil/lenfosit oranı ile kaşıntı arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and itching in hemodialysis patients]. Kocaeli Medical Journal. 2019;8(3):14-21. [Link]
- Kılıç Akça N. Hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastalarda sık karşılaşılan cilt sorunları ve hemşirelik bakımı [Common skin problems in hemodialysis patients and nursing care]. Journal of Nephrology Nursing. 2019;14(1):26-32. [Link]
- Ozen N, Cinar FI, Askin D, Mut D. Uremic pruritus and associated factors in hemodialysis patients: a multi-center study. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2018;37(2):138-47. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Hintistan S, Deniz A. Hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastalarda semptom değerlendirmesi [Evaluation of symptoms in patients undergoing hemodialysis]. Bezmialem Science. 2018;6(2):112-8. [Crossref]
- Özkan İ, Taylan S. Hemodiyaliz hastalarında kaşıntının varlığı ile uyku ve anksiyete arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Investigation of the relationship between pruritus and sleep and anxiety in hemodialysis patients]. Journal of Nephrology Nursing. 2020;15(2):66-78. [Crossref]
- Bolanos CG, Pham NM, Mair RD, Meyer TW, Sirich TL. Metabolomic analysis of uremic pruritus in patients on hemodialysis. PLoS One. 2021;16(2):1-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Çalışkan T, Çınar Pakyüz S. Hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan ve almayan üremik hastalarda kaşıntı konforu etkiler mi [Does itching affect comfort in uremic patients receiving and not receiving hemodialysis treatment]? Journal of Nephrology Nursing. 2019;14(3):84-96. [Link]
- Jacobson J, Ju A, Baumgart A, Unruh M, O'Donoghue D, Obrador G, et al. Patient perspectives on the meaning and impact of fatigue in hemodialysis: a systematic review and thematic analysis of qualitative studies. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;74(2):179-92. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Zuo M, Tang J, Xiang M, Long Q, Dai J, Hu X. Relationship between fatigue symptoms and subjective and objective indicators in hemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol. 2018;50(7):1329-39. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kaner G, Ayer Ç, Şahin Kaya A. Hemodiyalize giren hastalarda yaşam kalitesinin saptanması ve ilişkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi [Determination of quality of life in patients on hemodialysis and evaluation of related factors]. Karya Journal of Health Science. 2023;4(1):41-6. [Crossref]
- Balaban ÖD, Aydin E, Keyvan A, Yazar MS, Tuna Ö, Devrimci Özgüven H. Psychiatric comorbidity, sexual dysfunction, and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a case-control study. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2017;54(2):137-42. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Perl J, Karaboyas A, Morgenstern H, Sen A, Rayner HC, Vanholder RC, et al. Association between changes in quality of life and mortality in hemodialysis patients: results from the DOPPS. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017;32(3):521-7. [PubMed] [PMC]
- Fradelos EC, Alikari V, Tsaras K, Papathanasiou IV, Tzavella F, Papagiannis D, et al. The effect of spirituality in quality of life of hemodialysis patients. J Relig Health. 2022;61(3):2029-40. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Karadag E, Kilic SP, Karatay G, Metin O. Effect of baby oil on pruritus, sleep quality, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients: pretest-post-test model with control groups. Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2014;11(3):180-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Weiss M, Mettang T, Tschulena U, Passlick-Deetjen J, Weisshaar E. Prevalence of chronic itch and associated factors in haemodialysis patients: a representative cross-sectional study. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015;95(7):816-21. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kavurmacı M, Tan M. Üremik kaşıntı ve hemşirelik bakımı [Uremic pruritus and nursing care]. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences. 2015;18(1):57-62. [Crossref]
.: İşlem Listesi