.: ORİJİNAL ARAŞTIRMA
Stress and Anxiety Levels of Nurses Working in Surgical Clinics During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross Sectional Study
COVID-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Cerrahi Kliniklerde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Stres ve Anksiyete Düzeyleri: Kesitsel Çalışma
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2023;15(4):1173-81
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2023-95430
Makale Dili: EN
Tam Metin
ABSTRACT
Objective: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created major threat to health care professionals. Factors such as the increased number of cases and excessive workload increase the stress and anxiety experienced by nurses. This study aimed to determine of stress and anxiety levels of surgical nurses working in COVID-19 pandemic in Türkiye. Material and Methods: This multicenter descriptive study included 341 nurses working in surgical clinics during the COVID-19 outbreak in hospitals affiliated to the Ministry of Health, which were located on the European Side of İstanbul, Türkiye. Stress and anxiety were measured by Perceived Stress Scale, Anxiety by Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: The perceived stress and anxiety levels of the surgical nurses were determined above the average value. It was found that working in a pandemic hospital increased the level of state trait anxiety of nurses (p=0.02), and the duration of working in the profession (ρ=0.17, p=0.00) and in the surgical clinic affected the perceived stress level (ρ=0.16, p=0.00). Conclusion: The study was found that surgical nurses experienced moderate to severe stress and anxiety, during the pandemic; it was determined that working hours, the working year in clinic and total work experience in the profession were associated with this situation.
Keywords: Anxiety; COVID-19; nursing; job related stress
Objective: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created major threat to health care professionals. Factors such as the increased number of cases and excessive workload increase the stress and anxiety experienced by nurses. This study aimed to determine of stress and anxiety levels of surgical nurses working in COVID-19 pandemic in Türkiye. Material and Methods: This multicenter descriptive study included 341 nurses working in surgical clinics during the COVID-19 outbreak in hospitals affiliated to the Ministry of Health, which were located on the European Side of İstanbul, Türkiye. Stress and anxiety were measured by Perceived Stress Scale, Anxiety by Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: The perceived stress and anxiety levels of the surgical nurses were determined above the average value. It was found that working in a pandemic hospital increased the level of state trait anxiety of nurses (p=0.02), and the duration of working in the profession (ρ=0.17, p=0.00) and in the surgical clinic affected the perceived stress level (ρ=0.16, p=0.00). Conclusion: The study was found that surgical nurses experienced moderate to severe stress and anxiety, during the pandemic; it was determined that working hours, the working year in clinic and total work experience in the profession were associated with this situation.
Keywords: Anxiety; COVID-19; nursing; job related stress
ÖZET
Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] pandemisi, sağlık çalışanları için büyük bir tehdit oluşturmuştur. Artan vaka sayısı, aşırı iş yükü gibi faktörler hemşirelerin yaşadığı stres ve kaygı düzeyini artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında çalışan cerrahi hemşirelerinin, stres ve kaygı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çok merkezli tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmaya, COVID-19 salgını sırasında Türkiye'nin İstanbul Avrupa Yakasında yer alan Sağlık Bakanlığına bağlı hastanelerin cerrahi kliniklerde çalışan 341 hemşire dâhil edilmiştir. Stres ve kaygı, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği, Anksiyete Spielberger Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri ile ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Cerrahi hemşirelerinin algıladıkları stres ve kaygı düzeyleri ortalama değerin üzerinde belirlendi. Pandemi hastanesinde çalışmanın hemşirelerin durumluk sürekli kaygı düzeyini artırdığı (p=0,02), meslekte ve cerrahi klinikte çalışma süresini (ρ=0,17, p=0,00) ve algılanan stres düzeyini etkilediği bulundu (ρ=0,16, p=0,00). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak cerrahi hemşirelerinin pandemi sırasında orta-şiddetli stres ve anksiyete yaşadıkları; çalışma saatleri, klinikte çalışma yılı ve meslekteki toplam iş deneyiminin bu durumla ilişkili olduğu belirlendi.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Anksiyete; COVID-19; hemşirelik; mesleki stres
Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] pandemisi, sağlık çalışanları için büyük bir tehdit oluşturmuştur. Artan vaka sayısı, aşırı iş yükü gibi faktörler hemşirelerin yaşadığı stres ve kaygı düzeyini artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında çalışan cerrahi hemşirelerinin, stres ve kaygı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çok merkezli tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmaya, COVID-19 salgını sırasında Türkiye'nin İstanbul Avrupa Yakasında yer alan Sağlık Bakanlığına bağlı hastanelerin cerrahi kliniklerde çalışan 341 hemşire dâhil edilmiştir. Stres ve kaygı, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği, Anksiyete Spielberger Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri ile ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Cerrahi hemşirelerinin algıladıkları stres ve kaygı düzeyleri ortalama değerin üzerinde belirlendi. Pandemi hastanesinde çalışmanın hemşirelerin durumluk sürekli kaygı düzeyini artırdığı (p=0,02), meslekte ve cerrahi klinikte çalışma süresini (ρ=0,17, p=0,00) ve algılanan stres düzeyini etkilediği bulundu (ρ=0,16, p=0,00). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak cerrahi hemşirelerinin pandemi sırasında orta-şiddetli stres ve anksiyete yaşadıkları; çalışma saatleri, klinikte çalışma yılı ve meslekteki toplam iş deneyiminin bu durumla ilişkili olduğu belirlendi.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Anksiyete; COVID-19; hemşirelik; mesleki stres
REFERANSLAR:
- Jakovljevic M, Bjedov S, Jaksic N, Jakovljevic I. COVID-19 Pandemia and Public and Global Mental Health from the Perspective of Global Health Securit. Psychiatr Danub. 2020;32(1):6-14. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Farsi SH, Alandijany TA, Radwi M, Farsi A, Bahaaziq W, Abushoshah I, et al. Prevalence of COVID-19 antibodies among operating room and critical care staff at a tertiary teaching hospital: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Med J. 2021;42(7):742-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Feng MC, Wu HC, Lin HT, Lei L, Chao CL, Lu CM, et al. [Exploring the Stress, Psychological Distress, and Stress-relief Strategies of Taiwan Nursing Staffs Facing the Global Outbreak of COVID-19]. Hu Li Za Zhi. 2020;67(3):64-74. Chinese. [PubMed]
- Walton M, Murray E, Christian MD. Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2020;9(3):241-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Ünver S, Yeniğün SC. COVID-19 fear level of surgical nurses working in pandemic and surgical units. J Perianesth Nurs. 2021;36(6):711-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Shanafelt T, Ripp J, Trockel M. Understanding and addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA. 2020;323(21):2133-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Jayadevan R. A hundred lives lost: doctor deaths in India during the times of COVID- 19. Preprints. 2020;1:1-10. [Link]
- Ing EB, Xu QA, Salimi A, Torun N. Physician deaths from corona virus (COVID-19) disease. Occup Med (Lond). 2020;70(5):370-4. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Anand S, Staniec A, Montez-Rath M, Vlahos P. Using GIS mapping to track hot spots of kidney disease in California. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(23):2265-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kursumovic E, Lennane S, Cook TM. Deaths in healthcare workers due to COVID-19: the need for robust data and analysis. Anaesthesia. 2020;75(8):989-92. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Spoorthy MS, Pratapa SK, Mahant S. Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;51:102119. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Liu Y, Gayle AA, Wilder-Smith A, Rocklöv J. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. J Travel Med. 2020;27(2):taaa021. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Taylor S, Landry CA, Rachor GS, Paluszek MM, Asmundson GJG. Fear and avoidance of healthcare workers: An important, under-recognized form of stigmatization during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;75:102289. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(3):1537-45. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Liang Y, Chen M, Zheng X, Liu J. Screening for Chinese medical staff mental health by SDS and SAS during the outbreak of COVID-19. J Psychosom Res. 2020;133:110102. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Wu Y, Wang J, Luo C, Hu S, Lin X, Anderson AE, et al. A comparison of burnout frequency among oncology physicians and nurses working on the frontline and usual wards during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020;60(1):e60-e5. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Ren C, Zhou D, Fan Y, Li B, Zhang W, Shen Y, et al. Prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms among surgical nurses during COVID-19 pandemic: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Nurs Open. 2022;9(1):752-64. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, Dereboy Ç. Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi [The adaptation of the perceived stress scale into Turkish: a reliability and validity analysis]. New Symposium Journal. 2013;51(3):32‐140. [Link]
- Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. Perceived stress scale. Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists. 1994;10:1 2. [Link]
- Spielberger CD. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: A Comprehensive Bibliography. 2nd ed. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1989.
- Oner N, Le Compte A. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Handbook. 2nd ed. İstanbul: İstanbul Bogazici University Publication; 1983.
- Shechter A, Diaz F, Moise N, Anstey DE, Ye S, Agarwal S, et al. Psychological distress, coping behaviors, and preferences for support among New York healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2020;66:1-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Xiao X, Zhu X, Fu S, Hu Y, Li X, Xiao J. Psychological impact of healthcare workers in China during COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic: A multi-center cross-sectional survey investigation. J Affect Disord. 2020;274:405-10. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Cai Z, Cui Q, Liu Z, Li J, Gong X, Liu J, et al. Nurses endured high risks of psychological problems under the epidemic of COVID-19 in a longitudinal study in Wuhan China. J Psychiatr Res. 2020;131:132-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. [Mental health survey of medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2020;38(3):192-5. Chinese. [PubMed]
- Alwani SS, Majeed MM, Hirwani MZ, Rauf S, Saad SM, Shah SH, et al. Evaluation of knowledge, practices, attitude and anxiety of Pakistans nurses towards COVID-19 during the current outbreak in Pakistan. MedRxiv. 2020;10(2):1-26. [Crossref]
- Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, Jiang W, Wang H. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113190. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:901-7. Erratum in: Brain Behav Immun. 2021;92:247. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Zheng R, Zhou Y, Fu Y, Xiang Q, Cheng F, Chen H, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among nurses during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;114:103809. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Hou J, Wan X, Shen Q, Zhu J, Leng Y, Zhao B, et al. COVID-19 infection, a potential threat to surgical patients and staff? A retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg. 2020;82:172-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Karampelias V, Karonis D, Psaroudi V. The psycho-emotional impact of COVID-19 on surgical staff working in emergency departments. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2020;46(4):747-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Zhu Z, Xu S, Wang H, Liu Z, Wu J, Li G, et al. COVID-19 in Wuhan: Sociodemographic characteristics and hospital support measures associated with the immediate psychological impact on healthcare workers. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100443. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Salopek-Žiha D, Hlavati M, Gvozdanović Z, Ga?ić M, Placento H, Jakić H, et al. Differences in distress and coping with the COVID-19 stressor in nurses and physicians. Psychiatr Danub. 2020;32(2):287-93. [Crossref] [PubMed]
.: İşlem Listesi