.: ORİJİNAL ARAŞTIRMA
Sağlıklı Erişkin Erkeklerde Şiddeti Artan Egzersiz Sırasında Tıbbi Maske Kullanımının Kalp Atım Hızı, Egzersiz Süresi ve Egzersiz Zorluk Algısına Etkisi: Randomize Klinik Çalışma
Effect of Medical Mask Use During Increased Exercise Intensity on Heart Rate, Exercise Duration and Perceived Exertion in Healthy Adult Men: Randomized Clinical Trial
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2021;13(3):434-41
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2021-83737
Makale Dili: TR
Tam Metin
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, tıbbi maskenin şiddeti artan egzersiz sırasında sağlıklı sedanter erkek erişkinlerde kalp atım hızı (KAH), egzersiz süresi, maksimum egzersiz şiddeti ve egzersiz zorluk algısına etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapmayan sağlıklı 13 erkek gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılar rastgele çapraz deney deseni doğrultusunda tıbbi maskeli ve maskesiz olarak Balke koşu bandı test protokolünü uygulamıştır. Balke koşu bandı test protokolü aşamalarında elde edilen KAH ve algılanan zorluk derecesi verileri, toplam egzersiz süresi, ulaşılan maksimum egzersiz şiddeti ve maksimum KAH verileri değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bulgular: Maskesiz ile karşılaştırıldığında tıbbi maske ile elde edilen toplam egzersiz süresi (z=-3,180; p=0,001), ulaşılan maksimum egzersiz şiddeti (z=-3,077; p=0,002) ve maksimum KAH değerlerinde (t=3,022; p=0,011) anlamlı düşüş bulunmuştur. Tekrarlanan ölçümlerde çift yönlü varyans analizine göre KAH değerlerinde zamanlar arasında anlamlı fark tespit edilirken (F(6-72)=263,930; p=0,001; kısmi η2 =0,957), denemeler arası fark (F(1-12)=1,094; p=0,316; kısmi η2 =0,084) ve deneme zaman etkileşimi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (F(6-72)=1,373; p=0,237; kısmi η2=0,103) bulunmamıştır. Algılanan zorluk derecesi denemeler arasında (F(1-12)=31,467; p=0,001; kısmi η2 =0,724) ve zamanlar arasında (F(6-72)=192,802; p=0,001; kısmi η2 =0,941) anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak deneme zaman etkileşimi de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (F(6-72)=7,530; p=0,001; kısmi η2 =0,386) bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Tıbbi maske kullanımı toplam egzersiz süresinde düşüşe neden olurken, algılanan zorlukta artışa neden olmuştur. Ayrıca ulaşılabilen maksimum KAH değerleri de maskesiz denemeye göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. Bu nedenle koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 salgını sırasında, spor yapmak isteyen kişilere tıbbi maske takmanın sportif performans üzerindeki etkilerini dikkate alarak egzersiz yapmaları önerilebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Algılanan zorluk derecesi; COVID-19; maksimum kalp atım hızı; tıbbi maske; Balke koşu bandı testi
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, tıbbi maskenin şiddeti artan egzersiz sırasında sağlıklı sedanter erkek erişkinlerde kalp atım hızı (KAH), egzersiz süresi, maksimum egzersiz şiddeti ve egzersiz zorluk algısına etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapmayan sağlıklı 13 erkek gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılar rastgele çapraz deney deseni doğrultusunda tıbbi maskeli ve maskesiz olarak Balke koşu bandı test protokolünü uygulamıştır. Balke koşu bandı test protokolü aşamalarında elde edilen KAH ve algılanan zorluk derecesi verileri, toplam egzersiz süresi, ulaşılan maksimum egzersiz şiddeti ve maksimum KAH verileri değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bulgular: Maskesiz ile karşılaştırıldığında tıbbi maske ile elde edilen toplam egzersiz süresi (z=-3,180; p=0,001), ulaşılan maksimum egzersiz şiddeti (z=-3,077; p=0,002) ve maksimum KAH değerlerinde (t=3,022; p=0,011) anlamlı düşüş bulunmuştur. Tekrarlanan ölçümlerde çift yönlü varyans analizine göre KAH değerlerinde zamanlar arasında anlamlı fark tespit edilirken (F(6-72)=263,930; p=0,001; kısmi η2 =0,957), denemeler arası fark (F(1-12)=1,094; p=0,316; kısmi η2 =0,084) ve deneme zaman etkileşimi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (F(6-72)=1,373; p=0,237; kısmi η2=0,103) bulunmamıştır. Algılanan zorluk derecesi denemeler arasında (F(1-12)=31,467; p=0,001; kısmi η2 =0,724) ve zamanlar arasında (F(6-72)=192,802; p=0,001; kısmi η2 =0,941) anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak deneme zaman etkileşimi de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (F(6-72)=7,530; p=0,001; kısmi η2 =0,386) bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Tıbbi maske kullanımı toplam egzersiz süresinde düşüşe neden olurken, algılanan zorlukta artışa neden olmuştur. Ayrıca ulaşılabilen maksimum KAH değerleri de maskesiz denemeye göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. Bu nedenle koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 salgını sırasında, spor yapmak isteyen kişilere tıbbi maske takmanın sportif performans üzerindeki etkilerini dikkate alarak egzersiz yapmaları önerilebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Algılanan zorluk derecesi; COVID-19; maksimum kalp atım hızı; tıbbi maske; Balke koşu bandı testi
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of medical mask on heart rate (HR), exercise duration, maximum exercise intensity and perceived exertion in healthy sedentary male adults during incremental exercise. Material and Methods: In a randomized crossover design, thirteen healthy adult males performed Balke treadmill test protocol (BTTP) with and without a medical mask. HR values, perceived exertion data, total exercise duration, achieved maximum exercise intensity and maximum HR data obtained during the stages of the BTTP were used for evaluation. Results: Significant reduction was found in total exercise duration (z=-3.180; p=0.001), maximum exercise intensity (z=-3.077; p=0.002) and maximum HR values (t=3.022; p=0.011) obtained with medical mask compared to without medical mask. While a significant difference was determined between the times according to the HR values (F(6-72)=263.930; p=0.001; partial η2 =0.957), no significant difference was indicated between the trials (F(1-12)=1.094; p=0.316; partial η2 =0.084) and trial-time interaction (F(6-72)=1.373; p=0.237; partial η2 =0.103). A significant difference was found between trials (F(1-12)=31.467; p=0.001; partial η2 =0.724) and times (F(6-72)=192.802; p=0.001; partial η2 =0.941) in rating of perceived exertion. In addition, the trial-time interaction was statistically significant (F(6-72)=7,530; p=0.001; partial η2 =0.386). Conclusion: The use of medical masks caused a decrease in total exercise time and an increase in perceived exertion. In addition, achieved maximum HR values were also found lower than the trial without mask. Individuals who wants to do sports during the coronavirus disease-2019 epidemic may be advised to exercise taking into account the effects of wearing medical masks on sportive performance.
Keywords: Rating of perceived exertion; COVID-19; maximum heart rate; medical mask; Balke treadmill test
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of medical mask on heart rate (HR), exercise duration, maximum exercise intensity and perceived exertion in healthy sedentary male adults during incremental exercise. Material and Methods: In a randomized crossover design, thirteen healthy adult males performed Balke treadmill test protocol (BTTP) with and without a medical mask. HR values, perceived exertion data, total exercise duration, achieved maximum exercise intensity and maximum HR data obtained during the stages of the BTTP were used for evaluation. Results: Significant reduction was found in total exercise duration (z=-3.180; p=0.001), maximum exercise intensity (z=-3.077; p=0.002) and maximum HR values (t=3.022; p=0.011) obtained with medical mask compared to without medical mask. While a significant difference was determined between the times according to the HR values (F(6-72)=263.930; p=0.001; partial η2 =0.957), no significant difference was indicated between the trials (F(1-12)=1.094; p=0.316; partial η2 =0.084) and trial-time interaction (F(6-72)=1.373; p=0.237; partial η2 =0.103). A significant difference was found between trials (F(1-12)=31.467; p=0.001; partial η2 =0.724) and times (F(6-72)=192.802; p=0.001; partial η2 =0.941) in rating of perceived exertion. In addition, the trial-time interaction was statistically significant (F(6-72)=7,530; p=0.001; partial η2 =0.386). Conclusion: The use of medical masks caused a decrease in total exercise time and an increase in perceived exertion. In addition, achieved maximum HR values were also found lower than the trial without mask. Individuals who wants to do sports during the coronavirus disease-2019 epidemic may be advised to exercise taking into account the effects of wearing medical masks on sportive performance.
Keywords: Rating of perceived exertion; COVID-19; maximum heart rate; medical mask; Balke treadmill test
REFERANSLAR:
- Clerkin KJ, Fried JA, Raikhelkar J, Sayer G, Griffin JM, Masoumi A, et al. COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2020; 141(20):1648-55. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- World Health Organization [İnternet]. ©2020 [Erişim tarihi: 23 Haziran 2020]. Archived: WHO Timeline - COVID-19. Erişim linki: [Link]
- Parnell D, Widdop P, Bond A, Wilson R. COVID-19, networks and sport. Manag Sport Leis. 2020;1-7. [Crossref]
- Koo JR, Cook AR, Park M, Sun Y, Sun H, Lim JT, et al. Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: a modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(6):678-88. [Crossref]
- Scheid JL, Lupien SP, Ford GS, West SL. Commentary: physiological and psychological impact of face mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18):6655. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Ali AM, Kunugi H. COVID-19: A pandemic that threatens physical and mental health by promoting physical inactivity. Sports Med Health Sci. 2020;2(4):221-3. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Werneck AO, Silva DR, Malta DC, Souza-Júnior PR, Azevedo LO, Barros MB, et al. Physical inactivity and elevated TV-viewing reported changes during the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with mental health: a survey with 43,995 Brazilian adults. J Psychosom Res. 2021;140:110292. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Manag Sport Leis. 2020;1-6. [Crossref]
- Cowling BJ, Chan KH, Fang VJ, Cheng CK, Fung RO, Wai W, et al. Facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: a cluster randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(7):437-46. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gontjes KJ, Gibson KE, Lansing B, Cassone M, Mody L. Contamination of common area and rehabilitation gym environment with multidrug-resistant organisms. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(3):478-85. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Blocken B, Malizia F, Van Druenen T, Marchal T. Towards aerodynamically equivalent COVID19 1.5 m social distancing for walking and running. Preprint. 2020.[Erişim tarihi: 02 Nisan 2021]. Erişim linki: [Link]
- Bartoszko JJ, Farooqi MAM, Alhazzani W, Loeb M. Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2020;14(4):365-73. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Li Y, Tokura H, Guo YP, Wong ASW, Wong T, Chung J, et al. Effects of wearing N95 and surgical facemasks on heart rate, thermal stress and subjective sensations. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005;78(6):501-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Scarano A, Inchingolo F, Lorusso F. Facial skin temperature and discomfort when wearing protective face masks: thermal infrared imaging evaluation and hands moving the mask. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(13): 4624. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Yip WL, Leung LP, Lau PF, Tong HK. The effect of wearing a face mask on body temperature. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2005; 12(1): 23-7. [Crossref]
- Fikenzer S, Uhe T, Lavall D, Rudolph U, Falz R, Busse M. et al. Effects of surgical and FFP2/ N95 face masks on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020;109(12): 1522-30. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Georgi C, Haase-Fielitz A, Meretz D, Gäsert L, Butter C. The impact of commonly-worn face masks on physiological parameters and on discomfort during standard work-related physical effort. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020. 117(40):674. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Aoyama S, Shibata S. Time-of-day-dependent physiological responses to meal and exercise. Front Nutr. 2020;7:18. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment. Potc hefstroom, RSA: ISAK, 2001. [Link]
- Backes TP, Swartz C, Conti A, Knapp JM. The effect of fluid consumption and exercise on segmental bioelectrical impedance. Int J Phys Educ Fit Sport. 2017;6(2):10-3. [Crossref]
- Leddy JJ, Baker JG, Kozlowski K, Bisson L, Willer B. Reliability of a graded exercise test for assessing recovery from concussion. Clin J Sport Med. 2011;21(2):89-94. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5): 377-81. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Chan KH, Yuen KY. COVID-19 epidemic: disentangling the re-emerging controversy about medical facemasks from an epidemiological perspective. Int J Epidemiol. 2020;49(4):1063-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Chan JFW, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KKW, Chu H, Yang J, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223):514-23. [Crossref]
- Nishiura H, Kuratsuji T, Quy T, Phi NC, Van Ban V, Le Dang HA, et al. Rapid awareness and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hanoi French Hospital, Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73(1):17-25. [Crossref]
- Seto WH, Tsang D, Yung RWH, Ching TY, Ng TK, Ho M, et al. Effectiveness of precautions against droplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Lancet. 2003; 361 (9368): 1519-20. [Crossref]
- Engelen M, Porszasz J, Riley M, Wasserman K, Maehara K, Barstow TJ. Effects of hypoxic hypoxia on O2 uptake and heart rate kinetics during heavy exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1996;81(6):2500-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Povea C, Schmitt L, Brugniaux J, Nicolet G, Richalet JP, Fouillot JP. Effects of intermittent hypoxia on heart rate variability during rest and exercise. High Alt Med Biol. 2005.6(3): 215-25. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Halliwill JR, Minson CT. Effect of hypoxia on arterial baroreflex control of heart rate and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2020;93(3):857-64. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Shenal BV, Radonovich Jr LJ, Cheng J, Hodgson M, Bender BS. Discomfort and exertion associated with prolonged wear of respiratory protection in a health care setting. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2012;9(1):59-64. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Zhu JH, Lee SJ, Wang DY, Lee HP. Effects of long-duration wearing of N95 respirator and surgical facemask: a pilot study. J Lung Pulm Resp Res. 2014;4(1):97-100. [Crossref]
- Zhao N, Jing Y, Guan J, Li X, Li X, Xing Y, et al. [Effects of wearing a mask on oxygenation of subjects with spontaneous breathing during supplementary oxygen through facemask]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2020;37(6):1025-30. Chinese. [PubMed]
.: İşlem Listesi