Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Sağlıklı Erişkin Erkeklerde Şiddeti Artan Egzersiz Sırasında Tıbbi Maske Kullanımının Kalp Atım Hızı, Egzersiz Süresi ve Egzersiz Zorluk Algısına Etkisi: Randomize Klinik Çalışma
Effect of Medical Mask Use During Increased Exercise Intensity on Heart Rate, Exercise Duration and Perceived Exertion in Healthy Adult Men: Randomized Clinical Trial
Kutlu AYDINa, Ümid KARLIa, Kerim SÖZBİRa, Tuğba KOCAAĞAa
aBolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri ABD, Bolu, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2021;13(3):434-41
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2021-83737
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, tıbbi maskenin şiddeti artan egzersiz sırasında sağlıklı sedanter erkek erişkinlerde kalp atım hızı (KAH), egzersiz süresi, maksimum egzersiz şiddeti ve egzersiz zorluk algısına etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapmayan sağlıklı 13 erkek gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılar rastgele çapraz deney deseni doğrultusunda tıbbi maskeli ve maskesiz olarak Balke koşu bandı test protokolünü uygulamıştır. Balke koşu bandı test protokolü aşamalarında elde edilen KAH ve algılanan zorluk derecesi verileri, toplam egzersiz süresi, ulaşılan maksimum egzersiz şiddeti ve maksimum KAH verileri değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bulgular: Maskesiz ile karşılaştırıldığında tıbbi maske ile elde edilen toplam egzersiz süresi (z=-3,180; p=0,001), ulaşılan maksimum egzersiz şiddeti (z=-3,077; p=0,002) ve maksimum KAH değerlerinde (t=3,022; p=0,011) anlamlı düşüş bulunmuştur. Tekrarlanan ölçümlerde çift yönlü varyans analizine göre KAH değerlerinde zamanlar arasında anlamlı fark tespit edilirken (F(6-72)=263,930; p=0,001; kısmi η2 =0,957), denemeler arası fark (F(1-12)=1,094; p=0,316; kısmi η2 =0,084) ve deneme zaman etkileşimi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (F(6-72)=1,373; p=0,237; kısmi η2=0,103) bulunmamıştır. Algılanan zorluk derecesi denemeler arasında (F(1-12)=31,467; p=0,001; kısmi η2 =0,724) ve zamanlar arasında (F(6-72)=192,802; p=0,001; kısmi η2 =0,941) anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak deneme zaman etkileşimi de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (F(6-72)=7,530; p=0,001; kısmi η2 =0,386) bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Tıbbi maske kullanımı toplam egzersiz süresinde düşüşe neden olurken, algılanan zorlukta artışa neden olmuştur. Ayrıca ulaşılabilen maksimum KAH değerleri de maskesiz denemeye göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. Bu nedenle koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 salgını sırasında, spor yapmak isteyen kişilere tıbbi maske takmanın sportif performans üzerindeki etkilerini dikkate alarak egzersiz yapmaları önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Algılanan zorluk derecesi; COVID-19; maksimum kalp atım hızı; tıbbi maske; Balke koşu bandı testi
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of medical mask on heart rate (HR), exercise duration, maximum exercise intensity and perceived exertion in healthy sedentary male adults during incremental exercise. Material and Methods: In a randomized crossover design, thirteen healthy adult males performed Balke treadmill test protocol (BTTP) with and without a medical mask. HR values, perceived exertion data, total exercise duration, achieved maximum exercise intensity and maximum HR data obtained during the stages of the BTTP were used for evaluation. Results: Significant reduction was found in total exercise duration (z=-3.180; p=0.001), maximum exercise intensity (z=-3.077; p=0.002) and maximum HR values (t=3.022; p=0.011) obtained with medical mask compared to without medical mask. While a significant difference was determined between the times according to the HR values (F(6-72)=263.930; p=0.001; partial η2 =0.957), no significant difference was indicated between the trials (F(1-12)=1.094; p=0.316; partial η2 =0.084) and trial-time interaction (F(6-72)=1.373; p=0.237; partial η2 =0.103). A significant difference was found between trials (F(1-12)=31.467; p=0.001; partial η2 =0.724) and times (F(6-72)=192.802; p=0.001; partial η2 =0.941) in rating of perceived exertion. In addition, the trial-time interaction was statistically significant (F(6-72)=7,530; p=0.001; partial η2 =0.386). Conclusion: The use of medical masks caused a decrease in total exercise time and an increase in perceived exertion. In addition, achieved maximum HR values were also found lower than the trial without mask. Individuals who wants to do sports during the coronavirus disease-2019 epidemic may be advised to exercise taking into account the effects of wearing medical masks on sportive performance.

Keywords: Rating of perceived exertion; COVID-19; maximum heart rate; medical mask; Balke treadmill test
REFERENCES:
  1. Clerkin KJ, Fried JA, Raikhelkar J, Sayer G, Griffin JM, Masoumi A, et al. COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2020; 141(20):1648-55. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  2. World Health Organization [İnternet]. ©2020 [Erişim tarihi: 23 Haziran 2020]. Archived: WHO Timeline - COVID-19. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  3. Parnell D, Widdop P, Bond A, Wilson R. COVID-19, networks and sport. Manag Sport Leis. 2020;1-7. [Crossref] 
  4. Koo JR, Cook AR, Park M, Sun Y, Sun H, Lim JT, et al. Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: a modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(6):678-88. [Crossref] 
  5. Scheid JL, Lupien SP, Ford GS, West SL. Commentary: physiological and psychological impact of face mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18):6655. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  6. Ali AM, Kunugi H. COVID-19: A pandemic that threatens physical and mental health by promoting physical inactivity. Sports Med Health Sci. 2020;2(4):221-3. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  7. Werneck AO, Silva DR, Malta DC, Souza-Júnior PR, Azevedo LO, Barros MB, et al. Physical inactivity and elevated TV-viewing reported changes during the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with mental health: a survey with 43,995 Brazilian adults. J Psychosom Res. 2021;140:110292. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  8. Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Manag Sport Leis. 2020;1-6. [Crossref] 
  9. Cowling BJ, Chan KH, Fang VJ, Cheng CK, Fung RO, Wai W, et al. Facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: a cluster randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(7):437-46. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  10. Gontjes KJ, Gibson KE, Lansing B, Cassone M, Mody L. Contamination of common area and rehabilitation gym environment with multidrug-resistant organisms. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(3):478-85. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  11. Blocken B, Malizia F, Van Druenen T, Marchal T. Towards aerodynamically equivalent COVID19 1.5 m social distancing for walking and running. Preprint. 2020.[Erişim tarihi: 02 Nisan 2021]. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  12. Bartoszko JJ, Farooqi MAM, Alhazzani W, Loeb M. Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2020;14(4):365-73. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  13. Li Y, Tokura H, Guo YP, Wong ASW, Wong T, Chung J, et al. Effects of wearing N95 and surgical facemasks on heart rate, thermal stress and subjective sensations. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005;78(6):501-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  14. Scarano A, Inchingolo F, Lorusso F. Facial skin temperature and discomfort when wearing protective face masks: thermal infrared imaging evaluation and hands moving the mask. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(13): 4624. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  15. Yip WL, Leung LP, Lau PF, Tong HK. The effect of wearing a face mask on body temperature. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2005; 12(1): 23-7. [Crossref] 
  16. Fikenzer S, Uhe T, Lavall D, Rudolph U, Falz R, Busse M. et al. Effects of surgical and FFP2/ N95 face masks on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020;109(12): 1522-30. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  17. Georgi C, Haase-Fielitz A, Meretz D, Gäsert L, Butter C. The impact of commonly-worn face masks on physiological parameters and on discomfort during standard work-related physical effort. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020. 117(40):674. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  18. Aoyama S, Shibata S. Time-of-day-dependent physiological responses to meal and exercise. Front Nutr. 2020;7:18. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  19. International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment. Potc hefstroom, RSA: ISAK, 2001. [Link] 
  20. Backes TP, Swartz C, Conti A, Knapp JM. The effect of fluid consumption and exercise on segmental bioelectrical impedance. Int J Phys Educ Fit Sport. 2017;6(2):10-3. [Crossref] 
  21. Leddy JJ, Baker JG, Kozlowski K, Bisson L, Willer B. Reliability of a graded exercise test for assessing recovery from concussion. Clin J Sport Med. 2011;21(2):89-94. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  22. Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5): 377-81. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  23. Chan KH, Yuen KY. COVID-19 epidemic: disentangling the re-emerging controversy about medical facemasks from an epidemiological perspective. Int J Epidemiol. 2020;49(4):1063-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  24. Chan JFW, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KKW, Chu H, Yang J, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223):514-23. [Crossref] 
  25. Nishiura H, Kuratsuji T, Quy T, Phi NC, Van Ban V, Le Dang HA, et al. Rapid awareness and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hanoi French Hospital, Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73(1):17-25. [Crossref] 
  26. Seto WH, Tsang D, Yung RWH, Ching TY, Ng TK, Ho M, et al. Effectiveness of precautions against droplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Lancet. 2003; 361 (9368): 1519-20. [Crossref] 
  27. Engelen M, Porszasz J, Riley M, Wasserman K, Maehara K, Barstow TJ. Effects of hypoxic hypoxia on O2 uptake and heart rate kinetics during heavy exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1996;81(6):2500-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  28. Povea C, Schmitt L, Brugniaux J, Nicolet G, Richalet JP, Fouillot JP. Effects of intermittent hypoxia on heart rate variability during rest and exercise. High Alt Med Biol. 2005.6(3): 215-25. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  29. Halliwill JR, Minson CT. Effect of hypoxia on arterial baroreflex control of heart rate and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2020;93(3):857-64. [Crossref] [PubMed] 
  30. Shenal BV, Radonovich Jr LJ, Cheng J, Hodgson M, Bender BS. Discomfort and exertion associated with prolonged wear of respiratory protection in a health care setting. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2012;9(1):59-64. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  31. Zhu JH, Lee SJ, Wang DY, Lee HP. Effects of long-duration wearing of N95 respirator and surgical facemask: a pilot study. J Lung Pulm Resp Res. 2014;4(1):97-100. [Crossref] 
  32. Zhao N, Jing Y, Guan J, Li X, Li X, Xing Y, et al. [Effects of wearing a mask on oxygenation of subjects with spontaneous breathing during supplementary oxygen through facemask]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2020;37(6):1025-30. Chinese. [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com