Pulmoner arteriyel hipertansiyon (PAH), ortalama pulmoner arter basıncında ve pulmoner vasküler dirençte artışla karakterize bir hastalıktır. PAH'ın etiyolojisi tam olarak anlaşılamamış olsa da altında birçok neden yattığı bildirilmektedir. Etiyolojisinde birçok etmenin rol oynadığı PAH'da, semptomlar çoğunlukla spesifik değildir. PAH'ın, birçok doku ve organda hasara neden olduğu bildirilmiştir. Son yıllarda PAH'ın solunum ve dolaşım sistemi üzerindeki etkilerinden dolayı üzerinde durulan bir hastalık hâline gelmesine neden olmuştur. PAH'ın teşhisinde invaziv yöntemlerin kullanılıyor olması, hastalığın takibini zorlaştırmaktadır. Noninvaziv yöntem olarak doku ve organlardaki hasarların erken belirlenmesini sağlayan biyobelirteçler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Biyobelirteçler yardımıyla hastalığın daha kolay izlenmesi, teşhis ve tedaviye daha çabuk ulaşılması hedeflenilmiştir. Son yıllarda hastalıkların teşhis ve takibinde, doku ve organlara özgü biyobelirteçler ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu derlemede, PAH'a bağlı gelişen kardiyopulmoner endotel ve epitel hasarın erken belirlenmesinde, noninvaziv tanı yöntem olarak oldukça faydalı olduğu kabul edilen biyobelirteçler hakkında yeni ve detaylı bilgi sunulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Pulmoner arteriyel hipertansiyon; tanı yöntemi; endotel ve epitel hasar biyobelirteçleri
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Although the etiology of PAH is not fully understood, it is reported that many reasons under it. Where many factors play a role in etiology of PAH, the symptoms are mostly nonspecific. PAH has been reported to cause damage to many tissues and organs. In recent years, PAH has become a disease that is emphasized due to its effects on the respiratory and circulatory system. The use of invasive methods in the diagnosis of PAH makes the follow-up of the disease difficult. Biomarkers that enable early detection of damage to tissues and organs have begun to be used as a noninvasive method. With the help of biomarkers, it is aimed to monitor the disease more easily, to reach diagnosis and treatment faster. In recent years, tissue and organspecific biomarkers have come to the fore in the diagnosis and followup of diseases. In this review, new and detailed information about biomarkers, which are considered to be very useful as a noninvasive diagnostic method in the early determination of cardiopulmonary endothelium and epithelial damage due to PAH is presented.
Keywords: Pulmonary arterial hypertension; diagnostic method; endothelium and epithelial damage biomarkers
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