Polikistik over sendromu (PKOS) üreme çağındaki kadınlarda yaygın görülen kısırlık ve gebelik komplikasyonları gibi önemli üreme bozukluklarına neden olan aynı zamanda insülin direnci, diyabet ve obezite gibi metabolik bozukluklar ve psikolojik sorunların eşlik ettiği heterojen bir hastalıktır. Hormonal dengesizlik, insülin direnci, obezite, inflamasyon ve genetik faktörler PKOS'un en önemli nedenleridir. PKOS'un nedenleri ve sonuçları arasında birbirini tetikleyen bir kısır döngü söz konusudur. Genetik faktörler, bu yaygın endokrin bozukluğun gelişiminde önemli rol oynar. Son zamanlarda PKOS'un etiyopatogenezinin araştırılmasında özellikle gen mutasyonları ve polimorfizmlerin etkisine odaklanılmıştır. Genetik özelliklerin belirlenmesiyle erken teşhis ve hedefe yönelik tedavilerin yapılması PKOS'un uzun vadeli komplikasyonlarının da azaltılmasına önemli bir katkı sağlayacaktır. PKOS'ta, sürekli gonadotropin ve beta adrenerjik reseptör (βAR) uyarımı nedeniyle yumurtalıklarda steroid üretimi artar. Ayrıca obezitede artan sempatik aktivite, adipoz dokuda katekolamin direnci ve β3-AR duyarsızlaşmasına neden olmaktadır. β3-AR duyarsızlaşması lipolizi azaltır ve yağ depolarını artırarak obezite ve inflamasyon gelişimine zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bu durum PKOS'ta görülen neden ve sonuçlar arasındaki kısır döngüye katkı sağlar. Glukoz, lipid, enerji metabolizması ve insülin direncinde önemli rolleri olan β3-AR'ye ait Trp64Arg gen polimorfizmi, β3-AR'nin fonksiyonlarını azaltır. Daha önce Trp64Arg polimorfizmi insülin direnci, diyabet, enerji metabolizmasının bozulması, kilo alımı, infertilite ve kan lipid düzeylerinde artış ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Trp64Arg polimorfizminin PKOS için kötü prognozla ilişkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, PKOS'lu kadınlarda β3-AR'nin Trp64Arg gen polimorfizminin rolünü belirlemeye yönelik literatür bilgileri sunmaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Polikistik over sendromu; beta-3 adrenerjik reseptörler; Trp64Arg polimorfizmi; insülin direnci
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disease that causes significant reproductive disorders such as infertility and pregnancy complications, which are common in women of reproductive age and are accompanied by metabolic disorders and psychological problems such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. Hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, obesity, inflammation, and genetic factors are the most important causes of PCOS. There is a vicious circle between the causes and consequences of PCOS. Genetic factors play important roles in the development of this common endocrine disorder. Recently, research on the etiopathogenesis of PCOS has focused on the effects of genetic mutations and polymorphisms. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment by determining genetic characteristics will significantly contribute to reducing the long-term complications of PCOS. In PCOS, steroid production increases in the ovaries owing to continuous gonadotropin and beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation. In addition, increased sympathetic activity in obesity causes catecholamine resistance and β3-AR desensitization in the adipose tissue. β3-AR desensitization reduces lipolysis and increases fat stores, paving the way for the development of obesity and inflammation. This contributes to the vicious circle between the causes and effects of PCOS. The Trp64Arg gene polymorphism of β3-AR, which plays important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and insulin resistance, reduces the function of β3-AR. The Trp64Arg polymorphism is associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, impaired energy metabolism, weight gain, infertility, and increased blood lipid levels. It is thought that the Trp64Arg polymorphism may be associated with poor prognosis in PCOS. This review aimed to provide literature information to determine the role of the Trp64Arg gene polymorphism in β3-AR in women with PCOS.
Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome; beta-3 adrenergic receptors; Trp64Arg polymorphism; insulin resistance
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