Amaç: Bu çalışmada, okul öncesi çocuğu olan annelerin, çocuklarını besleme tarzları ve besleme tarzlarını etkileyen faktörleri incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel-analitik nitelikteki bu çalışmanın örneklemini, İç Anadolu'da bir il merkezinin anaokullarında öğrenimlerine devam eden 260 çocuğun (kız=132, erkek=128) annesi oluşturmuştur. Veriler, 'Sosyodemografik-Antropometrik Veri Formu' ve 'Ebeveyn Besleme Tarzı Anketi (EBTA)' ile toplanmış, değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, independent t-test, ANOVA ve Tukey testleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Annelerin, EBTA alt boyutlarından alabileceği maksimum puan ortalamaları dikkate alındığında; çalışmada en yüksek puan ortalamasının sıkı kontrollü besleme (14,94±3,18) alt boyutundan alındığı, daha sonra bunu cesaretlendirici besleme (28,99±5,41) ve yardımcı besleme (8,30±3,31) alt boyut puan ortalamalarının izlediği belirlenmiştir. Annelerin, kız çocuklarını 'teşvik edici besleme', genç yaş annelerin, 'duygusal besleme', üniversite mezunu ve çalışan annelerin, 'teşvik edici', 'toleranslı-kontrollü besleme' tek çocuklu annelerin, 'toleranslı-kontrollü besleme', eşlerinin beden kitle indeksi (BKİ) normal olan annelerin, 'teşvik edici besleme' alt boyut puan ortalamaları daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Çocuğunu kilosuna göre 'zayıf' algılayan annelerin 'duygusal, teşvik edici besleme', 0-6 ay anne sütü alan çocukların annelerinin 'yardımcı besleme' çocuğunun reklamlardan etkilendiğini ifade eden annelerin 'duygusal ve yardımcı besleme' tarzı puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç: Annelerin, Ebeveyn Besleme Tarzı Anketi'nden aldıkları puanlara göre, daha çok sıkı kontrollü ve cesaretlendirici besleme tarzına yatkın oldukları, en az duygusal besleme tarzını kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca besleme tarzlarının sosyodemografik ve antropometrik özelliklerden etkilendiği bulunmuştur. Ebeveyn besleme tarzı ve çocukların kilosu arasında ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla uzun süreli gözlemsel çalışmalar ve geniş örneklem üzerinde çalışmalar yapılması önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Okul öncesi çocuk; ebeveyn besleme tarzı; çocukluk çağı obezitesi; okul sağlığı, çocuklarda beslenme
Objective: It is aimed to examine the feeding styles of mothers who have preschool children and the factors that affect these styles. Material and Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional analytical study was mothers of 260 children (girl:132, boy:128) who were attending kindergartens at a city center in Central Anatolia. The data were collected with 'Sociodemographic-Anthropometric Data Form' and 'Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire'. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for evaluation. Results: Considering the maximum mean scores that mothers can get from the Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire (PFSQ) sub-dimensions; it was determined that the highest mean score was obtained from the strictly controlled feeding (14.94±3.18) and the encouraging feeding (28.99±5.41) and instrumental feeding (8.30±3.31) sub-dimensions mean scores followed this. Some subscale means were higher as 'encouraging feeding nutrition' for mothers of girls, 'emotional feeding' for young mothers, 'encouraging' ''tolerant-controlled feeding'' for university graduates and working mothers, 'tolerant- controlled feeding' for mothers with one child, 'encouraging feeding' for mothers whose husband with normal BMI (p<0.05). Also, mean scores were higher as following; 'Emotional, encouraging nutrition' for mothers who perceive their children as underweight, 'instrumental feeding' for mothers whose children breastfed for 0-6 months, and "emotional and instrumental feeding" for mothers who thought their children affected from advertisements (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is determined that mothers are more tend to strictly controlled and encouraging feeding style and use emotional feeding style at least, according to their scores on the Parental Feeding Style Scale. Also, parental feeding styles were affected by sociodemographic and anthropometric features. It is suggestedthat long-term observational and with large sampling studies should be conducted to determine relationship between parental feding style and children's weight.
Keywords: Preschool child; parental feeding style; childhood obesity; school health; nutrition in children
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