Bireyin duygu, düşünce ve davranışlarını etkileme gücüne sahip olan müzik, her yaş grubu bireye uygulanabilen nonfarmakolojik bir yöntemdir. Müzik uygulamalarının, sağlık bakımında güvenli bir uygulama olduğu ve sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından uygulanabileceği belirtilmektedir. Müzik uygulamaları pasif ve aktif olarak yapılabilir. Pasif müzik uygulamalarında, bireyin aktif olarak katılımı gerekmez. Bireyin rahat bir pozisyonda ritim veya sesi dinlemesi sağlanır. Aktif müzikte ise bireyler uygulamalara aktif bir şekilde katılım gösterirler. Şarkı söyleme, şarkı sözü yazma, enstrüman çalma, ritim eşliğinde dans etme aktif müzik uygulama örneklerinden bazılarıdır. Literatürde sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından uygulanan müzik müdahalelerinin çoğunun kulaklıkla müzik dinletmeyi içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Müzik uygulamalarının pediatri hastaları üzerinde etkinliğini değerlendirmek için yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde; uygulanan müziğin çocuğun yaşam kalitesini, öz yeterlilik düzeyini, aile ilişkilerini, memnuniyet düzeyini, rahatlığı ve konforunu, bakım çıktılarını olumlu yönde etkilediği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca müziğin çocukta fiziksel aktivite, nörolojik gelişim, dil becerileri, duygusal algı, sosyal beceriler, güvenli bağlanma üzerinde de olumlu etkileri olduğu, ağrı, anksiyete ve stres seviyelerini azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Bu geleneksel derleme çalışmasında, müzik temelli uygulamaların pediatri hastalarında kullanım alanlarından örnekler sunulmuş olup, çocuk sağlığı açısından yararları ve hemşirelik bakımına etkileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda, pediatri hastalarıyla çalışan hemşirelerin, müzik uygulamalarını nonfarmakolojik hemşirelik girişimi olarak hemşirelik uygulamalarına dâhil etmesi ve kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması önerilebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Pediatri; geleneksel tıp; müzik; hemşirelik bakımı
Music, which has the power to influence the feelings, thoughts and behaviors of the individual, is a non-pharmacological method that can be applied to all age groups. Music intervention are safe intervention and can be applied by health professionals. It can be made passively and actively. Passive music practices don't require the active participation of the individual. The individual is provided to listen to the rhythm or sound in a comfortable position. In active music, individuals actively participate in practices. Singing, writing lyrics, playing an instrument, dancing are some examples of active music practice. In the literature, most of the music interventions applied by health professionals are performed in the form of listening to music with headphones. When the studies evaluated the effectiveness of music practices on pediatric patients; it has been determined that the music applied to the pediatric age group increases the quality of life, self-efficacy level, family relations, patient satisfaction, provides comfort, improves patient outcomes. It has positive effects on physical activity, neurological development, language skills, emotional perception, social skills, secure attachment, and reduces pain, anxiety and stress levels. In this traditional review article, examples of the use of musicbased practices in pediatric patients were presented, and its benefits in terms of child health and its effects on nursing care were tried to be revealed. As a result of this study, it can be suggested that nurses working with pediatric patients should include music into nursing practices as a nonpharmacological nursing intervention and its use should be widespread.
Keywords: Pediatrics; traditional medicine; music; nursing care
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