Matriks metalloproteinaz (MMP)lar kalsiyum ve çinko bağımlı proteolitik enzim ailesidir. Bu ailenin bir üyesi olan MMP-2 ve MMP9 jelatini, tip IV, V, VII ve X kollajeni parçalayan tip IV kollajenazlardır. MMP-2 fibroblastlar, endotel hücreleri ve osteoblastlar; MMP-9 inflamatuar hücreler, tümör hücreleri, keratinositler ve epitel hücreleri tarafından sentezlenmektedir. Jelatinazlar, zimojen olarak salgılanırlar ve prodomainlerin bölünmesi ile aktif formlarına dönüşürler. MMP-2 ve MMP-9, meme kanseri hücrelerinde proliferasyon, migrasyon, invazyon ve metastaza yol açmaktadır. Hem MMP-2'nin hem de MMP9'un, meme kanseri tedavisine yönelik olarak polimorfizmlerini ve ekspresyonlarını/aktivitelerini araştıran çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Meme kanseri progresyonu ve metastazındaki önemli rolleri nedeni ile bu enzimlerin ortak fonksiyonel polimorfizmlerinin, hasta sağkalımını da içeren fenotipik özellikleriyle meme kanseri gelişimine katkıda bulunduğu bildirilmektedir. Di-2-Etilheksilfitalat, PAX6, hücresel prion proteini, natriüretik peptid reseptörü A, aktif lökosit hücre adezyon molekülü, EZH2, eGFR'nin ligand EGF ile etkileşimi, integrin ve integrin olmayan reseptörlerle etkileşim, TF-FVIIa/tripsin aracılı proteaz ile reseptör 2'nin aktivasyonu ile MMP-2 ve/veya MMP-9'un ekspresyonunun arttığı gösterilmektedir. Meme kanserinde invazyon ve metastaz üzerindeki etkileri nedeni ile potansiyel tedavi hedefi olarak MMP-2 ve MMP-9'u inhibe etmeye yönelik olarak Alisol A, Casticin, Orientin, Luteolin ve [15]pyN5 ve [16]pyN5 üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede, meme kanserinde MMP-2 ve MMP-9'un rolü, polimorfizmleri, bu enzimlerin ekspresyonunu/aktivitesini artıran etkileşimleri, moleküller ile inhibisyonları incelenecek ve son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar sunulacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Matriks metalloproteinaz; jelatinaz; MMP-2; MMP-9; meme kanseri
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of calcium and zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes. MMP-2 and MMP-9 are members of this family; type IV collagenases which degrade gelatin, types IV, V, VII and X collagen. MMP-2 is synthesized by fibroblasts, endothelial cells and osteoblasts, MMP-9 is synthesized by inflammatory cells, tumor cells, keratinocytes and epithelial cells. Gelatinases are secreted as inactive zymogens and turn into active forms by dividing prodomains. MMP-2 and MMP-9 cause proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis in breast cancer cells. There are studies investigating the polymorphisms and expressions/activities of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 for breast cancer treatment. Due to their important role in breast cancer progression and metastasis, common functional polymorphisms of these enzymes have been reported to contribute to breast cancer development with their phenotypic properties, including patient survival. Di-2-Ethylhexylphthalate, PAX6, cellular prion protein, Natriuretic peptide receptor A, active leukocyte cell adhesion molecule, EZH2, interaction of eGFR with ligand EGF, interaction with integrin and non-integrin receptors, with TFFVIIa / trypsin mediated protease of receptor 2 activation is shown to increase expression of MMP-2 and / or MMP-9. There are studies on Alisol A, Casticin, Orientin, Luteolin and [15] pyN5 and [16] pyN5 to inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 as potential treatment targets due to their effects on invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. In this review, in breast cancer MMP-2 and MMP-9 role, polymorphisms, interactions that increase the expression / activity of these enzymes, and their inhibition with molecules will be presented and studies conducted in recent years will be presented.
Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinase; gelatinase: MMP-2; MMP-9; breast cancer
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