Amaç: Bu araştırma, gebenin fazla kilolu ya da obez olmasının gebelik, doğum ve yenidoğan üzerinde etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Prospektif gözlemsel tipte yapılan araştırmanın örneklemine, Ekim 2013 ve Ocak 2014 tarihleri arasında gebeliğinin ilk 12 haftasında ve kronik hastalığı olmayan gebeler dâhil edilmiştir. Gebelerin beden kitle indeksi (BKİ) hesaplanarak, normal kilolu BKİ <27 (49) ve obez BKİ ≥27 (31) olarak gruplara ayrılmıştır. Gruplar; travay süresi, doğum haftası, doğum şekli, epidural ve indüksiyon uygulama, yenidoğan boy/kg, maternal fetal neonatal sorunlar açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Veriler sosyodemografik, doğurganlık anket formu, gebelik ve doğum izlem ile gebe izlem formu ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, yüzdelik dağılımlar, sayı ortalamaları, ki-kare testi ve Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, Statistical Package For The Social Sciences 16.00 (SPSS) programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Gebelerin sosyodemografik ve obstetrik verilerinin karşılaştırmasında, gruplar arasında anlamlı fark tespit edilmemiş ve grupların bu özellikler açısından homojen olduğu görülmüştür. Gebelikte aldıkları kilo bakımından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmadığı, obez gebelerin daha az kilo almış olduğu görülmüştür. Obez ve obez olmayan gebelerde gestasyonel diyabet, hipertansiyon, yenidoğan riskleri açısından da anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır. Preterm doğum yüzdesi normal grupta %12,2, obez grupta %25,8 saptanmış ancak istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Gruplar, yapılan karşılaştırmada travay süresi, epidural anestezi ve indüksiyon uygulama açısından istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmamıştır. Doğum şekli açısından istatistiksel olarak fark bulunmamasına rağmen sezaryen oranı obez grupta daha fazladır. Yenidoğanların ağırlık ve boy ortalamaları açısından anlamlı fark bulunmamış olup, obez grupta yenidoğanların vücut ağırlığının ortalama olarak 700 g daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: Normal BKİ ve obez gebeler arasında gebelik süreci, doğum eylemi, doğum şekli, yenidoğan etkileri bakımından fark bulunmamıştır. Obez gebeler, gebelik süresince diğer grup gebelere göre daha az kilo almışlardır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular; gebelikte obezitenin, gebelik sürecinde alınması gerekli ideal kilo sınırları içerisinde olduğu sürece gebelik komplikasyonlarında ve fetal/neonatal morbidite üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi bulunmadığını göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Obezite; gebelik komplikasyonları; maternal-fetal ilişki; maternal obezite
Objective: This study was planned to determine the effects of being overweight or obese on pregnancy, birth and newbor. Material and Methods: In the prospective observational type, the sample of the study conducted between October 2013 and January 2014, pregnant women in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and without chronic disease were included. Pregnant women who was included in the study are divided into two groups as BKI ≥27(31) obese group and BKI <27(49) nonobese group. Groups were compared in terms of labor duration, gestational week, delivery type, need for epidural and induction application, infant birth weight and height, and maternal fetal neonatal adverse outcomes. Research data was collected by Socio-Demographic Questionnaire, Questionnaire of Fertility, Pregnancy and Birth follow-up and Pregnancy Follow- up Form Percentage distributions, mean numbers, Chi-square test and Mann Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. Data is analyzed with the software Statistical Packageforthe Social Sciences 16.00 (SPSS). Results: In the comparison of socio-demographic and obstetric data of pregnant women, no significant difference was found between the groups and it was observed that the groups were homogeneous in terms of these characteristics. It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of weight gain during pregnancy and obese pregnant women gained less weight. No significant difference was found in obese and non-obese pregnant women in terms of gestational diabetes, hypertension and newborn health risks. The percentage of preterm delivery was 12.2% in the normal group and 25.8% in the obese group, but there was no statistically significant difference. Comparison of the groups did not find any statistically significant difference in terms of labor time, epidural anesthesia and induction. Although there is no statistically significant difference in terms of delivery method, the rate of cesarean section is higher in the obese group. Altough there was no significant difference between groups for baby age (week), birth weight and height (p˃0.05), the babies of the study group weighed 700 g more than the control group newborns. Conslusion: There was no difference between normal BMI and obese pregnant women in terms of gestation period, labor, delivery type and neonatal effects.Obese pregnant women gained less weight during pregnancy compared to normal weight pregnant women. Findings obtained from this study; showed that obesity during pregnancy does not have a negative effect on pregnancy complications and fetal/neonatal morbidity as long as it is within the ideal weight limits during pregnancy. No significant difference was found in obese and non-obese pregnant women in terms of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and neonatal congenital anomalies. Cesarean rates were found to be more frequent in obese pregnants than non-obese ones.
Keywords: Obesity; pregnancy complications; maternal-fetal relations; maternal obesity
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