Psikolojik ve nörolojik boyutları olan madde bağımlılığı, zararlı sonuçları olmasına rağmen kompulsif madde arayışı ve kullanımı ile karakterize kronik, tekrarlayan bir beyin hastalığıdır. Dünya genelindeki yaygınlığı gibi ülkemizde de mutlaka önüne geçilmesi gereken son derece tehlikeli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olan madde bağımlılığında modern, kanıta dayalı bir tedavi yaklaşımının benimsendiği tedavi süreci, kullanılan maddenin cinsine, kullanım süresine, hastanın yoksunluk belirtilerine, fiziksel ve ruhsal sorunlarına göre değişkenlik göstermektedir ve tedavi amacıyla kullanılabilecek kaynaklar ele alındığında, var olan ilaçların yanında yeni ilaçlar için öncü olabilecek doğal kaynakların da ele alınması ihtiyaç duyulan ve önemli bir husustur. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmada, madde bağımlılığı kavramından, bağımlılık türleri ve bu türlerin yapılan bilimsel araştırmalar sonucunda çözümlenen oluşum mekanizmalarından, bu oluşum mekanizmalarından yola çıkılarak geliştirilen deneysel çalışmalardan ve tedavi basamağında etkili olan madde bağımlılığı tedavisinde kullanılabilecek ilaçların geliştirilmesine öncü olabilecek tıbbi bitkilerden özetle bahsedilmiştir. Bitkisel kaynaklar ile ilgili bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalar derlenmiştir. Çeşitli madde bağımlılıklarında bitkilerin ekstrelerinin ve/veya alkaloit, flavonoid, polifenol ve terpen gibi farklı fitokimyasal yapılar taşıyan aktif izole bileşiklerinin in vitro ve/veya in vivo olarak etkili olabileceğini gösteren bilimsel çalışmaların sonucunda ortaya çıkan kanıtların, etkinlikleri sınırlı kalan mevcut tedavi yöntemlerini bir adım daha öteye taşıması ve hastanın sonsuz yararının gözetildiği standardize bir tedavinin insanlığın hizmetine sunulmasını hızlandırması umut edilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Madde bağımlılığı; tıbbi bitki; Hypericum perforatum; hiperforin
Drug addiction with psychological and neurological dimensions; is a chronic, recurrent brain disease characterized by the search for and use of compulsive substances, although it has detrimental consequences. The treatment process in which a modern, evidence-based treatment approach is adopted in drug addiction, which is an extremely dangerous public health problem that must be prevented in our country as well as its prevalence throughout the world; It varies according to the type of substance used, the duration of use, the withdrawal symptoms of the patient, physical and mental problems, and considering the available resources for treatment purposes, it is necessary and important to consider natural resources that may be the pioneer for new drugs. In this study; The concept of drug addiction, the types of dependence and the formation mechanisms that are solved as a result of scientific research, experimental studies developed based on these formation mechanisms and medicinal plants that can be used in the treatment of drug addiction that are effective in the treatment step are summarized. Studies on plant resources have been compiled. The evidence obtained as a result of these scientific studies showing that extracts of plants and / or active isolated compounds carrying different phytochemical structures such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols and terpenes in various drug addictions may be effective in vitro and/or in vivo is a step forward of current treatment methods with limited efficacy and it is expected to accelerate the delivery of a standardized treatment to the service of humanity.
Keywords: Drug addiction; medicinal plant; Hypericum perforatum; hyperforin
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