Lösemi, çocukluk çağı kanserlerinin önemli bir kısmını oluşturan, uzun ve zorlu tedavi süreci gerektiren malign bir hastalık grubudur. Ülkemizde ve dünyada her yıl binlerce çocuk bu hastalıktan dolayı kaybedilmektedir. Lösemili çocuklarda anemi, ateş, splenomegali, hepatomegali gibi birçok klinik belirti bulunmaktadır. Hastaların tedavileri süresince sık sık enfeksiyöz, renal, gastrointestinal, endokrinolojik ve nörolojik sistemlere ait komplikasyonlar görülmektedir. Lösemili çocukların tedavi ve iyileşme dönemlerinde yeterli ve dengeli beslenme büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Hastalık tedavisinin ilk dönemlerinde komplikasyonlar, ilaç tedavileri ve hastalık psikolojisi nedeniyle yetersiz ve dengesiz beslenme görülmekte, bu durum malnütrisyon ve büyüme geriliği ile sonuçlanabilmektedir. Fakat tedavinin ileri dönemleri veya iyileşme dönemlerinde kullanılan ilaç tedavisi, besin tüketim özlemi, psikolojik hastalık yükü ve düzensiz yaşam tarzı kaynaklı obezite, sarkopenik obezite, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve beraberinde getirdiği yeni hastalık semptomları görülebilmektedir. Uzun süreli yaşanan düzensiz beslenme ile besin ögesi yetersizlikleri ve anemi gibi komplikasyonları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu dönemde çocukların beslenme düzenlerinde ebeveynlerin rolü de önem arz etmektedir. Ebeveynler çocukların tedavilerinin ilk dönemlerinde aşırı beslenme baskısı yaparken, iyileşme sonrasında durumu kontrol altına almakta zorlanmaktadırlar. Bu yüzden tedavi sonrası sağkalım görülen çocuklarda yaşıtlarına kıyasla kronik hastalıklara yakalanma riski yüksek görülmektedir. Bu durum hastalığın beslenme ile ilişkisinin önemli olduğu ve konunun uzmanı diyetisyenlere ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Lösemi; çocuk; malnütrisyon; obezite
Leukemia is a malignant disease group that constitutes an important part of childhood cancer and requires a long and demanding treatment process. Every year thousands of children are died in our country and in the world due to this disease. Children with leukemia have many clinical symptoms such as anemia, fever, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Complications of infectious, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrinological and neurological systems are frequently observed during the treatment of patients. Adequate and balanced nutrition is of great importance in the treatment and recovery periods of children with leukemia. In the early stages of disease treatment, inadequate and unbalanced nutrition is observed due to complications, drug treatments and disease psychology, which may result in malnutrition and growth retardation. However, drug therapy, nutrient consumption craving, psychological disease burden and irregular lifestyle-induced obesity, sarcopenic obesity, cardiovascular diseases and accompanying new disease symptoms can be seen in the advanced stages of treatment or in recovery periods. Complications such as nutritional deficiencies and anemia occur with long-term irregular nutrition. During this period, the role of parents in children's diet is also important. While parents put pressure on excessive nutrition in the early stages of their children's treatment, they find it difficult to control the situation after recovery. Therefore, the risk of developing chronic diseases appears to be higher in children with post-treatment survival compared to their peers. This condition shows that the relationship of the disease with nutrition is important and dieticians who are experts in the subject are needed.
Keywords: Leukemia; child; malnutrition; obesity
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