Objective: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection progresses as an asymptomatic disease in some cases, whereas as a symptomatic disease and fatal in other cases. Due to its high spread, vaccines have been produced in many countries to control the infection. We aimed to evaluate local and allergic adverse effects of the CoronaVac vaccine in the risk group such as healthcare workers, individuals over 65 years of age, individuals who had COVID-19 infection. Material and Methods: A total of 189 healthcare workers and 122 individuals over the age of 65 who received the 2nd dose of CoronaVac vaccine 20 days ago were included in the study. Allergic, systemic and local symptoms were evaluted through a questionnaire which included 50 questions. Results: The most common local symptom was pain at the injection site (48.6%) and the most common systemic skin symptom after vaccination is pruritus outside the injection site (2.3%). There was a significant increase in symptoms of pruritus outside the injection site, rash outside the injection site, maculopapular rash, swelling around the eyelids, lips, or mouth, pale, sweaty, cold skin (vasovagal reflex) fever, chills, shortness of breath in participants who had COVID-19 infection (p<0.05). Symptoms of swelling around the eyelids, lips, and mouth, urticarial lesions outside the injection site were found to be significantly increase in indivuduals with a positive allergy history (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study determined that the inactivated CoronaVac vaccine is safe in terms of serious adverse reactions in risk group. Therefore, CoronaVac vaccine has also adverse effect profile like other vaccines.
Keywords: Local adverse effects; systemic adverse effects; CoronaVac vaccine
Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] enfeksiyonu, bazı durumlarda asemptomatik bir hastalık olarak ilerlerken, bazı durumlarda semptomatik ve ölümcül olabilmektedir. Yüksek yayılımı nedeniyle birçok ülkede bu enfeksiyonu kontrol altına almak için aşılar üretilmiştir. Çalışmamızda; sağlık çalışanları, COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçiren ve 65 yaş üstü gibi risk grubunda olan bireylerin, CoronaVac aşısının lokal ve sistemik istenmeyen ve alerjik etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 20 gün önce 2. doz CoronaVac aşısı olan 189 sağlık çalışanı ve 65 yaş üstü 122 birey dâhil edildi. Sistemik, lokal istenmeyen ve alerjik semptomlar 50 soruluk bir anket ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Aşı sonrası gelişen en sık gözlenen lokal semptom enjeksiyon yerinde ağrı (%48,6) ve en sık gözlenen sistemik deri semptomu ise enjeksiyon bölgesi dışında kaşıntı (%2,3) idi. COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçiren katılımcılarda bu enfeksiyonu geçirmeyenlere göre enjeksiyon bölgesi dışında kaşıntı, enjeksiyon bölgesi dışında döküntü, makülopapüler döküntü, göz kapakları, dudaklar veya ağız çevresinde şişlik, soluk, terli, soğuk cilt (vazovagal refleks), ateş, titreme, nefes darlığı semptomlarında önemli bir artış vardı (p<0,05). Alerjik hastalık öyküsü pozitif olanlar ve olmayanlar kıyaslandığında, alerjik hastalık öyküsü pozitif olanlar da göz kapakları, dudaklar ve ağız çevresinde şişlik, enjeksiyon bölgesi dışındaki ürtiker gözlenen birey sayısında belirgin artış saptandı (p<0,05). Sonuç: Çalışmamız, inaktif CoronaVac aşısının risk grubunda bulunan bireylerde ciddi yan etkiler açısından güvenli olduğunu göstermiştir. CoronaVac aşısının, daha önce kullanılan diğer aşılarla benzer oranda yan etki profiline sahip olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Lokal yan etkiler; sistemik yan etkiler; CoronaVac aşısı
- Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu YJ, Mao YP, Ye RX, Wang QZ, et al. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9(1):29. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. Erratum in: Lancet. 2020. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Zhang Y, Zeng G, Pan H, Li C, Kan B, Hu Y, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine in healthy adults aged 18-59 years: report of the randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial. medRxiv. 2020. [Crossref]
- Topçu S. Alerji ve aşılama [Alergy and vaccination]. Osmangazi Medical Journal Social Pediatrics. 2020;15-9. [Crossref]
- Echeverría-Zudaire LA, Ortigosa-del Castillo L, Alonso-Lebrero E, Álvarez-García FJ, Cortés-Álvarez N, García-Sánchez N, et al. Consensus document on the approach to children with allergic reactions after vaccination or allergy to vaccine components. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2015;43(3):304-25. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Stone CA Jr, Rukasin CRF, Beachkofsky TM, Phillips EJ. Immune-mediated adverse reactions to vaccines. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;85(12):2694-706. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Committee to Review Adverse Effects of Vaccines; Institute of Medicine. Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality. Stratton K, Ford A, Rusch E, Clayton EW, editors. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. [PubMed]
- Caubet JC, Ponvert C. Vaccine allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2014;34(3):597-613, ix. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Dreskin SC, Halsey NA, Kelso JM, Wood RA, Hummell DS, Edwards KM, et al. International Consensus (ICON): allergic reactions to vaccines. World Allergy Organ J. 2016;9(1):32. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Siegrist CA. Mechanisms underlying adverse reactions to vaccines. J Comp Pathol. 2007;137 Suppl 1:S46-50. Erratum in: J Comp Pathol. 2008;138(2-3):169. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Nilsson L, Brockow K, Alm J, Cardona V, Caubet JC, Gomes E, et al. Vaccination and allergy: EAACI position paper, practical aspects. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2017;28(7): 628-40. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Banerji A, Wickner PG, Saff R, Stone CA Jr, Robinson LB, Long AA, et al. mRNA vaccines to prevent COVID-19 disease and reported allergic reactions: current evidence and suggested approach. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9(4):1423-37. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team; Food and drug administration. allergic reactions ıncluding anaphylaxis after receipt of the first dose of pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine-United States, December 14-23, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(2): 46-51. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Zent O, Arras-Reiter C, Broeker M, Hennig R. Immediate allergic reactions after vaccinations--a post-marketing surveillance review. Eur J Pediatr. 2002;161(1):21-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Zhu FC, Guan XH, Li YH, Huang JY, Jiang T, Hou LH, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2020;396(10249):479-88. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Xia S, Duan K, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Zhang H, Xie Z, et al. Effect of an inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 on safety and immunogenicity outcomes: interim analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials. JAMA. 2020;324(10): 951-60. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Mulligan MJ, Lyke KE, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, et al. Phase 1/2 study to describe the safety and immunogenicity of a COVID-19 RNA vaccine candidate (BNT162b1) in adults 18 to 55 years of age: interim report. medRxiv. 2020. [Crossref]
- Folegatti PM, Ewer KJ, Aley PK, Angus B, Becker S, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, et al; Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group. Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;396(10249):467-78. Erratum in: Lancet. 2020;396(10249):466. Erratum in: Lancet. 2020;396(10266):1884. [PubMed] [PMC]
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In: Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine Preventable Diseases. 13th ed. Washington (DC): Public Health Foundation; 2015. [Link]
- Silcock R, Crawford NW, Perrett KP. Subcutaneous nodules: an important adverse event following immunization. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2019;18(4):405-10. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Nichol KL, MacDonald R, Hauge M. Side effects associated with pneumococcal vaccination. Am J Infect Control. 1997;25(3):223-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Broder KR, Cortese MM, Iskander JK, Kretsinger K, Slade BA, Brown KH, et al; Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Preventing tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis among adolescents: use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccines recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55(RR-3):1-34. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Nakayama T, Aizawa C, Kuno-Sakai H. A clinical analysis of gelatin allaergy determination of ıts causal relationship to the previous administration of gelatin- conatining acelluler pertussis vaccine combined with diphteria and tetanus toxoid. J. Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999; 103(2): 321-5. [Crossref]
- Ring J. Exacerbation of eczema by formalin-containing hepatitis B vaccine in formaldehyde-allergic patient. Lancet. 1986;2(8505): 522-3. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Böhler-Sommeregger K, Lindemayr H. Contact sensitivity to aluminium. Contact Dermatitis. 1986;15(5):278-81. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Cox NH, Moss C, Forsyth A. Allergy to non-toxoid constituents of vaccines and implications for patch testing. Contact Dermatitis. 1988;18(3):143-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
.: İşlem Listesi