Bitkiler, çeşitli zengin biyoaktif bileşenleri sayesinde birçok hastalığın önlenmesi ve tedavisi için binlerce yıldır kullanılmakta olup, günümüzde de dünya çapında nüfusun büyük çoğunluğu için en önemli doğal sağlık kaynağıdır. Tıbbi bitkilerin hiperlipidemi, diyabet ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar gibi farklı hastalıkları tedavi etmek için kullanımı son yıllarda popülerlik kazanmıştır. Hiperlipidemi, yaygın görülen bir hastalık olup, dünya çapında önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedeni olan kardiyovasküler hastalıklar için mühim bir risk faktörüdür. Hiperlipidemi tedavisinde 1. basamakta tercih edilen statin grubu ilaçlar; kas ağrısı, güçsüzlük ve depresyon insidansında artışla ilişkilendirilir. Mevcut lipid düşürücü ilaçların istenmeyen etkilerinin fazlalığı, geleneksel ve alternatif tedavilere yönelme eğilimini artırmıştır. Son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalarda, antihiperlipidemik özelliklere sahip tıbbi bitkilerin varlığı gösterilmiştir. Çeşitli bitki türleri, içeriğindeki vitaminler, flavonoidler, steroller ve antioksidanlar dâhil olmak üzere pek çok bileşik sayesinde farklı yollarla serum lipid profilini potansiyel olarak azaltabilir. Tıbbi bitkilerin, lipid düşürücü etki mekanizmaları net olmamakla birlikte enterositlerde kolesterol emiliminin engellenmesi, endojen lipidlerin biyosentezinin azaltılması, karaciğerde kolesterol atılımının teşvik edilmesi ve lipid metabolizmasıyla ilgili transkripsiyon faktörlerinin düzenlenmesi en muhtemel mekanizmalar olarak görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte bitkisel ürünlerin kullanımı tamamen güvenli değildir ve organ toksisitesi, alerjik reaksiyonlar ve bitki-ilaç etkileşimleri dâhil çeşitli istenmeyen etkilere neden olabilir. Bu derleme kapsamında, lipid metabolizması üzerine düzenleyici etkileri olduğu iddia edilen farklı bitkiler, bu bitkilerin etkileri ve olası toksik etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Lipid metabolizması; istenmeyen etki; bitkisel
Plants are being used for thousands of years for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, and are still the most important natural health resource for the vast majority of the population worldwide. The use of medicinal plants to treat different diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases has gained popularity in recent years. Hyperlipidemia is a common disease and an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Statin group drugs, which are preferred as first-line therapy for hyperlipidemia are associated with an increased incidence of muscle pain, weakness, and depression. The adverse effects of existing lipid-lowering drugs have increased the trend towards traditional and alternative therapies. Recently, a growing number of studies have demonstrated the presence of medicinal plants with antihyperlipidemic properties. Various plant species can potentially reduce the serum lipid profile in different ways, due to many compounds, including vitamins, flavonoids, sterols, and antioxidants. Although the lipid-lowering effect mechanisms of medicinal plants are unclear, the most likely mechanisms are inhibition of cholesterol absorption in enterocytes, reduction of biosynthesis of endogenous lipids, promotion of cholesterol excretion in the liver, and regulation of lipid metabolism transcription factors. However, the use of herbal products is not completely safe and can cause a variety of adverse effects, including organ toxicity, allergic reactions, and herb-drug interactions. In this review, it is aimed to evaluate different plants that claim to have regulatory effects on lipid metabolism, their effects and possible toxic effects.
Keywords: Lipid metabolism; adverse effect; herbal
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