Amaç: Bu çalışmada, koklear implant (Kİ) kullanan postlingual bireylerin konuşma ve müzik algısının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya en az 6 aydan beri Kİ kullanan, 25-62 yaşları arasında (ortalama yaş=45, SD=11,1) 34 birey katılmıştır. Konuşma algısı değerlendirme protokolü, bir kadın ve bir erkek konuşmacının yer aldığı 2 adet ses dosyası ile bir konuşma sesi kalitesi değerlendirme anketini içermiştir. Müzik algısı değerlendirme protokolü ise Klasik, Caz ve Pop müzik türündeki 3 adet ses dosyası ile bir müzik sesi kalitesi değerlendirme anketine dayanmıştır. Anketler; Net, Hoş ve Doğal Duyulma ile Genel Ses Kalitesi olmak üzere 4 öznel başlıkta konuşma ve müzik sesleri beğenisini değerlendirmiştir. Bulgular: Konuşma ve müzik algısı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif korelasyon (rs=0,43, p=0,011) ve anlamlı performans farkı bulunmuştur (Z=-4,5, p<0,001). Kİ kullanım süresi ve konuşmanın doğal duyulması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif korelasyon gözlenmiştir (rs=0,40, p=0,019). Sonuç: Kİ kullanıcılarının çoğu konuşma seslerini net, hoş ve doğal olarak nitelerken, müzik seslerini bu şekilde değerlendiren kullanıcı sayısının oldukça az olduğu gözlenmiştir. Kİ kullanım süresi ve konuşmanın doğal duyulması arasındaki anlamlı pozitif korelasyon, kullanıcıların implant ile duydukları seslere adaptasyon için zamana ihtiyaç duyduklarını vurgulamıştır. Konuşma ve müzik algısı arasındaki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif korelasyon, müzik ve konuşma dili algısının paralelliğini desteklemiştir. Ses kalitesi gibi nitel bir unsur söz konusu olunca, müzik algısının sessiz ortamdaki konuşma algısıyla bile korelasyon göstermesi dikkate şayan bulunmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: İşitsel işlemleme; konuşma algısı; müzik algısı; işitme kaybı; koklear implant
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate speech and music perception in postlingual adults with cochlear implants (CI). Material and Methods: Thirty-four unilateral CI listeners with at least 6 months of CI experience participated in the study. The sample ranged in age from 25 to 62 years (mean age=45years, SD=11.1). The speech perception protocol included two audio files (a female versus a male speaker) and a speech quality questionnaire. The music perception protocol was based on three audio files (Classical, Jazz and Pop music) and a music quality questionnaire. Speech and music appreciation were evaluated for four subjective aspects: Clarity, Pleasantness, Naturalness and General Quality of Sounds. Results: Significant correlations (rs=0.43, p=0.011) and performance differences (Z=-4.5, p<0.001) were found between speech and music perception. Duration of CI use had a significant positive effect on naturalness of speech sounds (rs=0.40, p=0.019). Conclusion: Most CI users described speech sounds as clear, pleasant and natural; but their scores for music quality were significantly lower. Significant effects of duration of CI use on the naturalness of speech emphasized that CI listeners may need time to adapt to sounds that they heard with the implant. Significant correlations between speech and music perception observed in this study supported similarities in their processing. It was remarkable that music perception correlated even with speech understanding in quiet for a qualitative measure such as sound quality.
Keywords: Auditory processing; speech perception; music perception; hearing loss; cochlear implants
- Wilson BS, Dorman MF. Cochlear implants: current designs and future possibilities. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2008;45(5):695-730. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Dincer D'Alessandro H, Boyle PJ, Ballantyne D, De Vincentiis M, Mancini P. The role of speech rate for Italian-speaking cochlear implant users: insights for everyday speech perception. Int J Audiol. 2018;57(11):851-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Mancini P, Dincer D'Alessandro H, Guerzoni L, Cuda D, Ruoppolo G, Musacchio A, et al. Adequate formal language performance in unilateral cochlear implanted children: is it indicative of complete recovery in all linguistic domains? Insights from referential communication. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79(4):598-604. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Nicastri M, Filipo R, Ruoppolo G, Viccaro M, Dincer H, Guerzoni L, et al. Inferences and metaphoric comprehension in unilaterally implanted children with adequate formal oral language performance. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78(5):821-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Moore BC. The role of temporal fine structure processing in pitch perception, masking, and speech perception for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired people. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2008;9(4):399-406. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Looi V, Gfeller K, Driscoll V. Music appreciation and training for cochlear implant recipients: a review. Semin Hear. 2012;33(4):307-34. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Dincer D'Alessandro H, Filipo R, Ballantyne D, Attanasio G, Bosco E, Nicastri M, et al. Low-frequency pitch perception in children with cochlear implants in comparison to normal hearing peers. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;272(11):3115-22. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Dincer D'Alessandro H, Ballantyne D, Boyle PJ, De Seta E, DeVincentiis M, Mancini P. Temporal fine structure processing, pitch, and speech perception in adult cochlear implant recipients. Ear Hear. 2018;39(4):679-86. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Dincer D'Alessandro H, Sennaroğlu G, Yücel E, Belgin E, Mancini P. Binaural squelch and head shadow effects in children with unilateral cochlear implants and contralateral hearing aids. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2015;35(5):343-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Smulders YE, van Zon A, Stegeman I, Rinia AB, Van Zanten GA, Stokroos RJ, et al. Comparison of bilateral and unilateral cochlear implantation in adults: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;142(3):249-56. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Mancini P, Dincer D'Alessandro H, Portanova G, Atturo F, Russo FY, Greco A, et al. Bimodal cochlear implantation in elderly patients. Int J Audiol. 2020:1-10. [PubMed]
- Ellis P. Vibroacoustic sound therapy: case studies with children with profound and multiple learning difficulties and the elderly in long-term residential care. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2004;103:36-42. [PubMed]
- Looi V, Rutledge K, Prvan T. Music appreciation of adult hearing aid users and the impact of different levels of hearing loss. Ear Hear. 2019;40(3):529-44. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Fernald A. Four-month-old infants prefer to listen to motherese. Infant Behav Dev. 1985;8(2):181-95. [Crossref]
- Rocca C. Developing the musical brain to boost early pre-verbal, communication and listening skills: The implications for musicality development pre- and post-cochlear implantation. It is not just about Nursery Rhymes! Cochlear Implants Int. 2015;16 Suppl 3:S32-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Carr G. The development of listening skills. In: McCracken W, Laoide-Kemp S, eds. Audiology in Education. 1st. London: Whurr Publishers Ltd; 1997.p.385-411. [Link]
- Moran M, Rousset A, Looi V. Music appreciation and music listening in prelingual and postlingually deaf adult cochlear implant recipients. Int J Audiol. 2016;55 Suppl 2:S57-63. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gfeller K, Driscoll V, Schwalje A. Beyond technology: The interaction of perceptual accuracy and experiential factors in pediatric music engagement. Otol Neurotol. 2019;40(3):e290-e7. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Adams D, Ajimsha KM, Barberá MT, Gazibegovic D, Gisbert J, Gómez J, et al. Multicentre evaluation of music perception in adult users of Advanced Bionics cochlear implants. Cochlear Implants Int. 2014;15(1):20-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Munjal T, Roy AT, Carver C, Jiradejvong P, Limb CJ. Use of the Phantom Electrode strategy to improve bass frequency perception for music listening in cochlear implant users. Cochlear Implants Int. 2015;16 Suppl 3:S121-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- MacDonald RA. Music, health, and well-being: a review. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2013;8:20635. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Mick P, Kawachi I, Lin FR. The association between hearing loss and social isolation in older adults. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;150(3):378-84. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Patel AD. Why would musical training benefit the neural encoding of speech? The OPERA Hypothesis. Front Psychol. 2011;2:142. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Hopyan T, Manno FA 3rd, Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Sad and happy emotion discrimination in music by children with cochlear implants. Child Neuropsychol. 2016;22(3):366-80. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Nie Y, Galvin JJ 3rd, Morikawa M, André V, Wheeler H, Fu QJ. Music and speech perception in children using sung speech. Trends Hear. 2018;22:2331216518766810. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Mirza S, Douglas SA, Lindsey P, Hildreth T, Hawthorne M. Appreciation of music in adult patients with cochlear implants: a patient questionnaire. Cochlear Implants Int. 2003;4(2):85-95. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Looi V, She J. Music perception of cochlear implant users: A questionnaire, and its implications for a music training program. Int J Audiol. 2010;49(2):116-28. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gfeller K, Christ A, Knutson J, Witt S, Mehr M. The effects of familiarity and complexity on appraisal of complex songs by cochlear implant recipients and normal hearing adults. J Music Ther. 2003;40(2):78-112. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Dincer D'Alessandro H, Mancini P. Perception of lexical stress cued by low-frequency pitch and insights into speech perception in noise for cochlear implant users and normal hearing adults. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;276(10):2673-80. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Dincer D'Alessandro H, Mancini P. Intonational cues for speech perception in noise by cochlear implant listeners. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(12):3315-21. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Trehub SE, Vongpaisal T, Nakata T. Music in the lives of deaf children with cochlear implants. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1169:534-42. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Good A, Gordon KA, Papsin BC, Nespoli G, Hopyan T, Peretz I, Russo FA. Benefits of Music Training for Perception of Emotional Speech Prosody in Deaf Children With Cochlear Implants. Ear Hear. 2017;38(4):455-64. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Yucel E, Sennaroglu G, Belgin E. The family oriented musical training for children with cochlear implants: speech and musical perception results of two year follow-up. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;73(7):1043-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- De Seta D, Nguyen Y, Vanier A, Ferrary E, Bebear JP, Godey B, et al. Five-Year Hearing Outcomes in Bilateral Simultaneously Cochlear-Implanted Adult Patients. Audiol Neurootol. 2016;21(4):261-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gfeller KE. Music: A human phenomenon and therapeutic tool. In: Davis WB, Gfeller KE, Thaut MH, eds. An introduction to music therapy theory and practice. 3rd ed. Silver Spring, MD: American Music Therapy Association; 2008.p. 41-75. [Link]
.: İşlem Listesi