Yangısal bağırsak hastalığı (IBD) insanlarda olduğu gibi kedi ve köpeklerde de yaygın olarak görülen ishal ve kusma gibi gastrointestinal bulgularla karakterize, yangısal ve otoimmün bir hastalıktır. Günümüzde hijyenik yaşam koşullarının yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte helmintlerin bağırsağa kolonizasyonunun çeşitli yollarla engellenmesi, hastalığın artışında rol oynayan önemli faktörlerden biri olarak düşünülmektedir. Kedi ve köpeklerde lenfositik-plazmasitik, eozinofilik ve granulomatoz yangı, beşeri hekimlikte ise Krohn hastalığı ve ülseratif kolit şeklinde görülen bu yangısal hastalıkta, Th1 hücreleri tarafından IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFNγ gibi sitokinler salınır. Bunun yanı sıra, canlılarda helmint invazyonlarına maruziyet durumunda benzer şekilde bağırsak mukozasında Th2 hücreleri tarafından IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13 gibi sitokinler salınmaktadır. IBD ve helmint invazyonuna maruz kalan canlılarda, bağırsak mukozasından Th1 ve Th2 hücre aracılı salınan bu sitokinlerde kendi aralarında polarizasyonlar şekillenir. Beşeri hekimlikte yapılan pek çok çalışmada, polarizasyonlar sonucu IBD oluşumunda rol oynayan sitokinlerde meydana gelen bu baskılanmaların aşırı yangısal reaksiyonları engellediği ve hastalığın klinik semptomlarında azalmaya neden olduğu gösterilmiştir. veteriner hekimliğinde IBD ile ilgili yapılan bazı çalışmalarda, insanlarda olduğu gibi kedi ve köpeklerde de Th1 aracılı benzer sitokin üretimlerinin olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu derlemede beşeri hekimlikte bu konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalardan yola çıkılarak, helmintlerin terapötik etkinliğinin veteriner hekimliğinde de IBD vakalarında önemli olabileceğine dikkat çekmek amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yangısal bağırsak hastalıkları; helmintler; köpekler
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting which are common in humans, cats and dogs. As hygienic living conditions become widespread today, prevention of helmintic colonizations in the intestine is considered as an important factor that plays a role in increase of the disease. In this inflammatory disease which is seen as Krohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis in human medicine and lymphocytic-plasmacytic, eosinophilic and granulomatous inflammation in veterinary medicine, IL-10, IL12, IL-13 and IFNγ cytokines are released by Th1 cells. On the other hand, in case of helminth infections IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13 released by Th2 cells in the intestinal mucosa. In several studies, some polarizations were shown between these Th1 and Th2 mediated cytokine types. In human medicine, several studies showed that, as a result of polarizations, suppression of cytokines involved in the formation of IBD leads to the prevention of excessive inflammatory reactions and a reduction in the clinical symptoms of the disease. Cats and dogs have similar cytokine production. In this review, based on the studies conducted in human medicine, it is aimed to draw attention to the therapeutic efficacy of helminths may be important in IBD cases in veterinary medicine.
Keywords: Inflammatory bowel diseases; helminths; dogs
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