Bu çalışmada dil, konuşma ve işitme alanlarında sorun yaşayan çocukların erken okuryazarlık becerilerinin desteklenmesi için yapılabilecek uygulamalara yönelik güncel bilgilerin sentezlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Geleneksel derleme yöntemi ile tasarlanan bu çalışmada; dil, konuşma ve işitme alanlarında sorun yaşayan çocuklara yönelik erken okuryazarlık müdahalesine ilişkin alanyazın taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda erken okuryazarlık becerilerinin desteklenmesinde okumanın 2 boyutunu (çözümleme ve anlama) da destekleyen etkinliklere ulaşılmıştır. Bu etkinliklerin; fonolojik farkındalık, yazı farkındalığı, harf bilgisi, dinlediğini anlama ve sözel dil becerileri gibi erken okuryazarlığın farklı boyutlarını kapsadığı görülmüştür. Dil ve konuşma bozukluğu olan çocuklara yönelik erken okuryazarlık müdahalesi; ebeveyn ve öğretmen eğitimi, etkileşimli okuma, müdahaleye tepki modeli ve kod temelli müdahale başlıkları altında ele alınmıştır. İşitme kayıplı çocuklara yönelik erken okuryazarlık müdahalesi ise ev erken okuryazarlık ortamının düzenlenmesi, fonolojik farkındalık ve sözel dil müdahalesi başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. İletişim bozukluğu olan çocuklara yönelik erken okuryazarlık müdahalesi, temel olarak tipik gelişim gösteren çocuklara yönelik düzenlenen müdahale ile ortak uygulamaları içermektedir. Bununla birlikte, müdahale içeriğinin doğrudan, tekrarlı ve bireyselleştirilmiş strateji kullanımları ile çeşitli uyarlamalar gerektirdiği görülmektedir. İleri dönem okuma güçlükleri açısından risk altında oldukları belirtilen ve iletişim bozukluğu olan çocuklar, erken okuryazarlık becerileri açısından da değerlendirilmeli ve gerekli durumlarda erken okuryazarlık müdahalesi, terapi seansları içerisine entegre edilmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Dil ve konuşma bozuklukları; erken okuryazarlık; erken okuryazarlık müdahalesi; iletişim bozuklukları; işitme kaybı
In this study, it is aimed to synthesize up-to-date information about the practices that can be implemented to support the early literacy skills of children who have problems in speech, language and hearing areas. In this study, which was designed with the traditional review method; a literature review was conducted on early literacy intervention for children with speech, language and hearing problems. As a result of the examinations, activities that support both dimensions of reading (decoding and comprehension) have been reached in supporting early literacy skills. It has been seen that these activities cover different dimensions of early literacy such as phonological awareness, print awareness, letter knowledge, listening comprehension and verbal language skills. Early literacy intervention for children with speech and language disorders were examined under the headings of parent and teacher training, interactive reading, response to intervention model and code-based intervention. Early literacy intervention for children with hearing loss was examined under the headings of arrangement of home literacy environment, phonological awareness and verbal language intervention. Early literacy intervention for children with communication disorders basically includes joint practices designed for typically developing children. However, the content of the intervention seems to require various adaptations with the use of direct, repetitive and individualized strategies. Children with communication disorders, who are stated to be at risk for advanced reading difficulties, should also be evaluated in terms of early literacy skills, and early literacy intervention should be integrated into their therapy sessions when necessary.
Keywords: Speech and language disorders; early literacy; early literacy intervention; communication disorders; hearing loss
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