Herpes simpleks virüsleri (HSV), 2500 yıldan uzun süredir hayatımızda olan ve her yıl 23 milyondan fazla yeni vaka ile dünya çapında en sık rastlanılan viral enfeksiyonlara neden olmaktadır. Herpes virüslerinin ayırt edici özelliği, tekrarlayan enfeksiyonlar üretme yetenekleridir. Bu virüslerin neden olduğu enfeksiyonlar, dünya çapında en yaygın viral enfeksiyonlardandır ve yaşam boyu belirli aralıklarla enfeksiyona yol açabilirler. HSV-1 enfeksiyonları, öncelikle dudak ve ağız içi kabarcıklar ve inflamasyon dâhil olmak üzere hafif semptomlarla ilişkilidir. Ancak bazı durumlarda körlük, işitme bozukluğu ve ölümcül ensefalit gibi daha ciddi hastalıklara neden olabilmektedir. HSV-1 nöronal enfeksiyonunun Alzheimer hastalığının patogenezinde rol oynayabileceğine dair artan kanıtlar da bulunmaktadır. Benzer şekilde, HSV-2 enfeksiyonları hafif genital lezyonlara neden olabilmektedir. Ayrıca insan immün yetmezlik virüsü enfeksiyonlarını edinme ve iletme riskini artırabilmektedir. HSV enfeksiyonları, hem doğal hem de adaptif bağışıklığı tetikler. Bu enfeksiyonların spesifik bir tedavisi yoktur. Hafif komplikasyonlar arasında olan yaralar genellikle tedaviye ihtiyaç duyulmaksızın geçmektedir. HSV, dünya çapında yaygın bir enfeksiyon olması, ciddi klinik sonuçları olan yaşam boyu enfeksiyonlara neden olması nedeniyle bu virüse karşı profilaktik ve terapötik aşı geliştirme çalışmaları devam etmektedir. Bugüne kadar alt ünite, canlı zayıflatılmış, replikasyon kusurlu virüs bazlı, nükleik asit temelli birçok aşı geliştirilmiş olmasına rağmen geliştirilen hiçbir aşı beklenilen oranda koruma sağlayamamıştır. Bu geleneksel derlemede, HSV hakkında genel bilgiler verilerek mevcut aşı çalışmaları değerlendirilmiştir
Anahtar Kelimeler: Herpes simpleks virüsü-1; Herpes simpleks virüsü-2; viral enfeksiyon; aşı; aşı geliştirme
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) have been in our lives for more than 2500 years. It causes the most common viral infections worldwide, with more than 23 million new cases each year. A distinctive feature of herpes viruses is their ability to produce recurrent infections. Infections caused by these viruses are among the most common viral infections worldwide and can lead to infection at certain intervals throughout life. HSV-1 infections are primarily associated with mild symptoms, including blisters and inflammation of the mouth and lips, but in some cases can cause more serious diseases such as blindness, hearing impairment and fatal encephalitis. There is also increasing evidence that HSV-1 neuronal infection may play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Similarly, HSV-2 infections can cause mild genital lesions. It may also increase the risk of acquiring and transmitting human immunodeficiency virus infections. HSV infections trigger both innate and adaptive immunity. There is no specific treatment for these infections. Wounds with mild complications usually heal without the need for treatment. As HSV is a common infection worldwide and has serious clinical consequences and causes lifelong infections, prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine development studies are ongoing against this virus. Although many subunit, live attenuated, replication-defective virus-based and nucleic acid-based vaccines have been developed to date, none of the vaccines developed have been able to provide protection at the expected level. In this traditional review, current vaccine studies were evaluated by giving general information about HSV.
Keywords: Herpes simplex virus-1; herpes simplex virus-2; viral infection; vaccine; vaccine development
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