Günümüzde çalışma ortamında, dışarıya yansıtılan duygu ve davranışların, doğal ve kendiliğinden ortaya çıkmasının yanı sıra mesleğin temel amaçları doğrultusunda kontrollü olması beklenmektedir. Bu beklentiyle birlikte duygusal emek kavramı önem kazanmış ve gündeme gelmiştir. 'Duygusal emek', tanım olarak bir kişinin çalışma ortamında göstermiş olduğu duygusal çabayı ifade etmektedir. Son yıllarda duygulara olan ilginin artmasıyla birlikte yüz yüze ilişki ve etkileşimin yoğun olduğu hemşirelikte de 'duygusal emek' önemli bir kavram hâline gelmiştir. Hızla değişen ve gelişen sağlık bakım sistemleri içerisinde hemşirelerin kaliteli bir bakım verilebilmesi için son gelişmeleri ve toplumun ihtiyacı olan yenilikleri takip etmesi ve bakım içerisinde duygusal emeği fark ederek bilinçli bir şekilde uygulamaya aktarmaları gerekmektedir. Hemşirelikte duygusal emek, hemşirelerin gerçekte deneyimledikleri, ancak uygulamada ifade edemedikleri duygu ve düşünceleri ayırt edebilme yetisidir. Duygusal emeği bireysel ve kurumsal anlamda etkileyen pek çok faktör vardır. Duygusal emek sürecine yön veren bu faktörlerdeki farklılıklar, duygusal emeğin yüzeysel ve derinlemesine davranış boyutlarına etki etmektedir. Derinlemesine davranış alt boyutunda içsel duygular hâkimken, yüzeysel davranışta içsel duyguların bastırılması ve gerçekte olmayan duyguların davranışa yansıması söz konusudur. Bu nedenle yüzeysel davranışta hemşireler de, hasta bakımı ve iş ortamı açısından duygusal emeğin olumsuz etkileri görülürken, derinlemesine davranışta olumlu etkileri ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Bakımda duygusal emek, hem hemşirelerin bakımlarını istedikleri gibi sergilemeleri hem de hasta/sağlıklı bireyin kendini güvenli ve rahat hissedebilmesinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Ancak duygusal emeğin klinikte çok fazla tanınmadığı, desteklenmediği ve öneminin göz ardı edildiği saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile, hemşirelik bakımında duygusal emek kavramının tanımlanması ve hemşirelik bakımına katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemşirelik; hemşirelik bakımı; hemşire klinisyenler; klinik yeterlilik; öğrenciler
In today's work environment, the emotions and behaviors that are projected to the outside are expected to be controlled in line with the basic purposes of the profession as well as the natural and spontaneous emergence. With this expectation, the concept of emotional labor gained importance and came to the agenda. Emotional labor, by definition, refers to the emotional effort of a person in the work environment. In recent years, with the increasing interest in emotions, emotional labor in has become an important concept in nursing where face to face relationship and interaction is intense. In order to provide quality care to the nurses in rapidly changing and developing health care systems, they should follow the latest developments and the innovations that the society needs, and realize the conscious effort within the care and transfer it to the conscious application. Emotional labor in nursing is the ability of nurses to distinguish emotions and thoughts that they actually experience but cannot express in practice. There are many factors that affect emotional labor in an individual and institutional sense. The differences in these factors that guide the emotional labor process affect the superficial and deeper behavioral dimensions of emotional labor. While the inner feelings are dominant in the depth behavior sub-dimension, suppression of the inner feelings in the superficial behavior and the reflections of the non-actual feelings are reflected in the behavior. Therefore, while negative effects of emotional labor are observed in terms of nurses, patient care and work environment in superficial behavior, positive effects in depth behavior are encountered. Emotional labor in care is to keep nurses' care as they wish and to keep the patient/healthy person in an important place to feel safe and comfortable. This review aims to define the concept of emotional labor in nursing care and to contribute to nursing care.
Keywords: Nursing; nursing care; nurse clinicians; clinical competence; students
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