Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: REVIEW
Hemşirelik Bakımında Duygusal Emek Kavramı
Emotional Labor Concept in Nursing Care
Nurhan DOĞANa, Sultan TAŞCIb
aHemşirelik Bölümü, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Amasya Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Amasya, TÜRKİYE
bHemşirelik Bölümü, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Kayseri, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2019;11(4):417-26
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2019-64790
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Günümüzde çalışma ortamında, dışarıya yansıtılan duygu ve davranışların, doğal ve kendiliğinden ortaya çıkmasının yanı sıra mesleğin temel amaçları doğrultusunda kontrollü olması beklenmektedir. Bu beklentiyle birlikte duygusal emek kavramı önem kazanmış ve gündeme gelmiştir. 'Duygusal emek', tanım olarak bir kişinin çalışma ortamında göstermiş olduğu duygusal çabayı ifade etmektedir. Son yıllarda duygulara olan ilginin artmasıyla birlikte yüz yüze ilişki ve etkileşimin yoğun olduğu hemşirelikte de 'duygusal emek' önemli bir kavram hâline gelmiştir. Hızla değişen ve gelişen sağlık bakım sistemleri içerisinde hemşirelerin kaliteli bir bakım verilebilmesi için son gelişmeleri ve toplumun ihtiyacı olan yenilikleri takip etmesi ve bakım içerisinde duygusal emeği fark ederek bilinçli bir şekilde uygulamaya aktarmaları gerekmektedir. Hemşirelikte duygusal emek, hemşirelerin gerçekte deneyimledikleri, ancak uygulamada ifade edemedikleri duygu ve düşünceleri ayırt edebilme yetisidir. Duygusal emeği bireysel ve kurumsal anlamda etkileyen pek çok faktör vardır. Duygusal emek sürecine yön veren bu faktörlerdeki farklılıklar, duygusal emeğin yüzeysel ve derinlemesine davranış boyutlarına etki etmektedir. Derinlemesine davranış alt boyutunda içsel duygular hâkimken, yüzeysel davranışta içsel duyguların bastırılması ve gerçekte olmayan duyguların davranışa yansıması söz konusudur. Bu nedenle yüzeysel davranışta hemşireler de, hasta bakımı ve iş ortamı açısından duygusal emeğin olumsuz etkileri görülürken, derinlemesine davranışta olumlu etkileri ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Bakımda duygusal emek, hem hemşirelerin bakımlarını istedikleri gibi sergilemeleri hem de hasta/sağlıklı bireyin kendini güvenli ve rahat hissedebilmesinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Ancak duygusal emeğin klinikte çok fazla tanınmadığı, desteklenmediği ve öneminin göz ardı edildiği saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile, hemşirelik bakımında duygusal emek kavramının tanımlanması ve hemşirelik bakımına katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemşirelik; hemşirelik bakımı; hemşire klinisyenler; klinik yeterlilik; öğrenciler
ABSTRACT
 In today's work environment, the emotions and behaviors that are projected to the outside are expected to be controlled in line with the basic purposes of the profession as well as the natural and spontaneous emergence. With this expectation, the concept of emotional labor gained importance and came to the agenda. Emotional labor, by definition, refers to the emotional effort of a person in the work environment. In recent years, with the increasing interest in emotions, emotional labor in has become an important concept in nursing where face to face relationship and interaction is intense. In order to provide quality care to the nurses in rapidly changing and developing health care systems, they should follow the latest developments and the innovations that the society needs, and realize the conscious effort within the care and transfer it to the conscious application. Emotional labor in nursing is the ability of nurses to distinguish emotions and thoughts that they actually experience but cannot express in practice. There are many factors that affect emotional labor in an individual and institutional sense. The differences in these factors that guide the emotional labor process affect the superficial and deeper behavioral dimensions of emotional labor. While the inner feelings are dominant in the depth behavior sub-dimension, suppression of the inner feelings in the superficial behavior and the reflections of the non-actual feelings are reflected in the behavior. Therefore, while negative effects of emotional labor are observed in terms of nurses, patient care and work environment in superficial behavior, positive effects in depth behavior are encountered. Emotional labor in care is to keep nurses' care as they wish and to keep the patient/healthy person in an important place to feel safe and comfortable. This review aims to define the concept of emotional labor in nursing care and to contribute to nursing care.

Keywords: Nursing; nursing care; nurse clinicians; clinical competence; students
REFERENCES:
  1. Brilowski GA, Wendler MC. An evolutionary concept analysis of caring. J Adv Nurs. 2005;50(6):641-50. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Watson J. Caring Science as Sacred Science. 1st ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company; 2005. p.242.
  3. Halligan P. Caring for patients of Islamic denomination: critical nurses' experiences in Saudi Arabia. J Clin Nurs. 2006;15(12):1565-73. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Wu TY, Cheng BS. The effect of interactions among job involvement, ability of regulating other's emotion, and emotional labor on emotional exhaustion. Chin J Psychol. 2006;48(1):69-87.
  5. Swanson KM. Empirical development of a middle range theory of caring. Nurs Res. 1991;40(3):161-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Naylor MD. A decade of transitional care research with vulnerable elders. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2000:14(3):1-14. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Reeve K, Calabro K, Adams-McNeill J. Tobacco cessation intervention in a nurse practitioner managed clinic. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2000;12(5):163-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Reigel B, Carlson B, Kopp A, LePetri B, Glaser D, Unger A. Effect of a standardized nurse case-management telephone intervention on resource use in patients with chronic heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(6):705-12. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. Wolf ZR, Miller PA, Devine M. Relationship between nurse caring and satisfaction in patients undergoing invasive cardiac procedures. Medsurg Nurs. 2003;12(6):391-6.
  10. Schoenhofer SO. Infusing the nursing curriculum with literature on caring: an idea whose time has come. International Journal for Human Caring. 2001;5(2):7-14. [Crossref] 
  11. Bassett C. Nurses' perceptions of care and caring. Int J Nurs Pract. 2002;8(1):8-15. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Wilkin K, Slevin E. The meaning of caring to nurses: an investigation into the nature of caring work in an intensive care unit. J Clin Nurs. 2004;13(1):50-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Huynh T, Alderson M, Thompson M. Emotional labour underlying caring: an evolutionary concept analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2008;64(2):195-208. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Watson J. Can an ethic of caring be maintained? J Adv Nurs. 2006;54(3):257-9. [Crossref] 
  15. Chinn PL, Kramer MK. Integrated Knowledge Development in Nursing. 6th ed. St. Louis Mosby; 2004. p.278.
  16. Allen D. What do you do at work? Profession building and doing nursing. Int Nurs Rev. 2007;54(1):41-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Eide D. Emotions: from ''ugly duckling'' via ''invisible asset'' towards an ontological reframing. In: Hartel CE, Zerbe WJ, Ashkanasy NM, eds. Emotions in Organizational Behavior. 1st ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2005. p.11-41.
  18. Fields J, Copp M, Kleinman S. Symbolic interactionism, inequality, and emotions. In: Stets JE, Turner JH, eds. Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions. 1st ed. Boston, MA: Springer; 2006. p.63-83.
  19. Bolton SC. Women's Work, Dirty Work: The Gynaecology Nurse as 'Other'. Gender, Work and Organization. 2005;12(2):169-86. [Crossref] 
  20. McCreight BS. Perinatal grief and emotional labour: a study of nurses' experiences in gynae wards. Int J Nurs Stud. 2005;42(4):439-48. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Henderson A. Emotional labor and nursing: an under-appreciated aspect of caring work. Nurs Inq. 2001;8(2):130-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Oral L, Kose S. [A research on phsicians? use of emotional labor and the relationship between their job satisfaction and burnout levels]. Suleyman Demirel University The Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences. 2011;16(2):463-92.
  23. Jeong HS. Clinical practice stress, emotional labor, and emotional intelligence among nursing students. Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.103 (Education 2015), p.39-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2015.103.9 [Crossref]  [PMC] 
  24. Hochschild A. The Managed Heart. Twentieth Anniversary Edition. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; 1983. p.317.
  25. Newbold D. Rival research programmes and their influence on nursing practice. J Nurs Manag. 2004;12(2):97-104. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Turner JH. Human Emotions. A Sociological Study. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2007. p.222. [Crossref] 
  27. Fineman S. The Emotional Organization: Passions and Power. 1st ed. Malden, MA; Oxford: Blackwell Pub; 2008. p.230.
  28. Hunter B, Smith P. Emotional labour: just another buzz word? Int J Nurs Stud. 2007;44(6):859-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Alderson M. [Lorsque l'organisation du travail en unite' des soins de longue dure'e menace la sante' mentale des infirmie'res: une enque^te en psychodynamique du travail]. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health. 2006;25(2):105-19. [Crossref] 
  30. Benner P. The roles of embodiment, emotion and lifeworld for rationality and agency in nursing practice. Nursing Philosophy. 2000;1(1):5-19. [Crossref] 
  31. Soares A. [Nursing philosophy]. Objectif Privention. 2000;23(2):10-1.
  32. Harrison J. Addressing increasing patient acuity and nursing workload. Nurs Manag (Harrow). 2004;11(4):20-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. Peter E, MacFarlane AV, O'Brien-Pallas LL. Analysis of the moral habitability of the nursing work environment. J Adv Nurs. 2004;47(4):356-64. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Smith P, Lorentzon M. Is emotional labour ethical? Nurs Ethics. 2005;12(6):638-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Holditch-Davis D, Miles MS. Mothers' stories about their experiences in the neonatal intensive care unit. Neonatal Netw. 2000;19(3):13-21. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  36. Mazhindu DM. [Ideal nurses: the social construction of emotional labour]. European Journal of Psychotherapy, Counselling & Health. 2003;6(3):243-62. [Crossref] 
  37. Gray B, Smith P. Emotional labour and the clinical settings of nursing care: the perspectives of nurses in east London. Nurse Educ Pract. 2009;9(4):253-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  38. Cricco-Lizza R. The need to nurse the nurse: emotional labor in neonatal intensive care]. Qual Health Res. 2014;24(5):615-28. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  39. Diefendorff JM, Croyle MH, Gosserand RH. The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2005;66(2):339-59. [Crossref] 
  40. Mann S. A health-care model of emotional labour: an evaluation of the literature and development of a model. J Health Organ Manag. 2005;19(4-5):304-17. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  41. Grandey AA. When 'The show must go on': surface acting and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. Academy of Management Journal. 2003;46(1):86-96. [Crossref] 
  42. de Raeve L. The modification of emotional responses: a problem for trust in nurse-patient relationships. Nurs Ethics. 2002;9(5):465-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  43. Grandey AA. Emotion regulation in the workplace: a new way to conceptualize emotional labor. J Occup Health Psychol. 2000;5(1):95-110. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  44. Dahling JJ, Perez LA. Older worker, different actor? Linking age and emotional labor strategies. Personality and Individual Differences. 2010;48(5):574-8. [Crossref] 
  45. Humphrey RH, Ashforth BE, Diefendorff JM. The bright side of emotional labor. J Organ Behav. 2015;36(6):749-69. [Crossref] 
  46. Oguz H, Ozkul M. [A study on emotional labor sociological factors shape the process: the implementation west Mediterranean]. Suleyman Demirel University The Journal of Visionary. 2016;7(16):130-54. [Crossref] 
  47. Aslan Z, Saglam Ari G. [A study on determination of the relationship between personality and emotional labor: sample of bank employee]. Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute. 2018;(30):157-71. [Crossref] 
  48. Meyer JP, Allen NJ, Smith CA. Commitment to organizations and occupations: extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. J Appl Psychol. 1993;78(4):538-51. [Crossref] 
  49. Hobfoll SE. Social and psychological resources and adaptations. Review of General Psychology. 2002;6(4):302-24. [Crossref] 
  50. Eroglu E. [Communicative Leadership: A Research on the Communicative Forms of Managers], 1st ed. Konya, Literature Publications, 2011. p.2-18,30,200-204,260.
  51. Judge TA, Woolf EF, Hurst C. Is emotional labor more difficult for some than for others? A multilevel, experience-sampling study. Personnel Psychology. 2009;62(1):57-88. [Crossref] 
  52. Kiffin-Petersen SA, Jordan CL, Soutar GN. The big five, emotional exhaustion and citizenship behaviors in service settings: the mediating role of emotional labor. Personality and Individual Differences. 2011;50(1):43-8. [Crossref] 
  53. Wang G, Seibert SE, Boles TL. Synthesizing what we know and looking ahead: a meta-analytical review of 30 years of emotional labor research. In: Hartel CEJ, Ashkanasy NM, Zerbe WF, eds. What Have We Learned? Ten Years On (Research on Emotion in Organizations). Vol. 7. 1st ed. Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited; 2011. p.15-43. [Crossref] 
  54. Mesmer-Magnus JR, Dechurch LA, Wax A, Anderson KT. Dissonance matters: meta-analytic examination of the consequences of emotional labor. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings. 2011;(1):1-6. [Crossref] 
  55. Ashforth BE, Humphrey RE. Emotional labor in service roles: the influence of identity. Acad Manage Rev. 1993;18(1):88-115. [Crossref] 
  56. Diefendorff JM, Gosserand RH. [Understanding the emotional labor process: a control theory perspective]. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2003;24(8):945-59. [Crossref] 
  57. Oz UE. Duygusal Emek Davranislarinin calisanlarin Is Sonuclarina Etkisi. 1.Baski. Istanbul: Beta Basim Yayim Dagitim A.S; 2007. p.63-4.
  58. Hulsheger UR, Schewe AF. On the costs and benefits of emotional labor: a meta-analysis of three decades of research. J Occup Health Psychol. 2011;16(3):361-89. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  59. Kammeyer-Mueller JD, Rubenstein AL, Long DM, Odio MA, Buckman BR, Zhang Y, et al. A meta-analytic structural model of dispositonal affectivity and emotional labor. Personnel Psychology. 2013;66(1):47-90. [Crossref] 
  60. Kim SH, Ham Y. Meta-analysis of the variables related to the emotional labor of nurses. J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2015;21(3):263-76. [Crossref] 
  61. Chou HY, Hecker R, Martin A. Predicting nurses' well-being from job demands and resources: a cross-sectional study of emotional labour. J Nurs Manag. 2012;20(4):502-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  62. Bagci Z, Mohan Bursali Y. [The impact of emotional labor on work performance: an empirical research in service sector in Denizli]. Kafkas University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty. 2015;6(10):69-90.
  63. Karaman N. [Emotional labour in working life]. Work and Life. 2017;5:31-56.
  64. Seery BL, Corrigall EA. Emotional labor: links to work attitudes and emotional exhaustion. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 2009;24(8):797-813. [Crossref] 
  65. Smith P, Pearson PH, Ross F. Emotions at work: what is the link to patient and staff safety? Implications for nurse managers in the NHS. J Nurs Manag. 2009;17(2):230-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  66. Gungor M. [The phenomenon of emotional labour: process and outcomes]. Public Work 2009;11(1):167-84.
  67. Meier KJ, Mastracci SH, Wilson K. Gender and emotional labor in public organizations: an empirical examination of the link to performance. Public Administration Review. 2006;66(6):899-909. [Crossref] 
  68. Pugh SD, Groth M, Hennig-Thurau T. Willing and able to fake emotions: a closer examination of the link between emotional dissonance and employee well-being. J Appl Psychol. 2011;96(2):377-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  69. Nguyen H, Groth M, Johnson A. When the going gets tough, the tough keep working: impact of emotional labor on absenteeism. Journal of Management. 2016;42(3):615-43. [Crossref] 
  70. Johnson HA, Spector PE. Service with a smile: do emotional intelligence, gender, and autonomy moderate the emotional labor process? Occup Health Psychol. 2007;12(4):319-33. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  71. Pines EW, Rauschhuber ML, Cook JD, Norgan GH, Canchola L, Richardson C, et al. Enhancing resilience, empowerment, and conflict management among baccalaureate students: outcomes of a pilot study. Nurse Educ. 2014;39(2):85-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  72. Kim SL, Lee JE. Relationship among stress, coping strategies, and self-esteem in nursing students taking clinical experience. J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Educ. 2005;11(1):98-106.
  73. Stephens T. Nursing student resilience: a concept clarification. Nurs Forum. 2013;48(2):125-33. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  74. Kim KE, Lee BY. [The relationship between satisfaction with clinical practice and clinical performance ability for nursing students]. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association. 2014;14(10):885-96. [Crossref] 
  75. Song JH, Kim MW. [Study on clinical education for nursing in hospital in Korea]. J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Edu. 2013;19(2):251-64. [Crossref] 
  76. Msiska G, Smith P, Fawcett T. Exposing emotional labour experienced by nursing students during their clinical learning experience: a Malawian perspective. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences. 2014;1:43-50. [Crossref] 
  77. Woo HY. A study on verbal abuse, emotional labor and clinical practice stress of nursing students. Advanced Science and Technology Letters. 2015;88:83-6. [Crossref] 
  78. Freshwater D, Stickley T. The heart of the art: emotional intelligence in nurse education. Nursing Inq. 2004;11(2):91-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com