Biyomateryaller arasında yer alan biyoseramiklerin yüzey reaktif grubunu oluşturan biyoaktif camlar, biyoaktivite özellikleri ve dokularla bağ oluşturabilme yetenekleri sayesinde başta kemik doku mühendisliği olmak üzere çeşitli uygulamalarda, özellikle doku rejenerasyonu amacıyla ilgi gören bir sistemdir ve piyasada farklı kullanım alanlarına sahip preparatları bulunmaktadır. Farmasötik alanda biyoaktif camlar; etken maddeleri, iyonları, peptid ve proteinleri, hormon ve büyüme faktörleri gibi biyoaktif molekülleri iletmek için taşıyıcı olarak kullanıldıklarında sinerjik etki sağlanabildiği tespit edilmiştir. Biyoaktif camlar, kendine özgü özellikleri sayesinde daha yüksek verimlilik ve daha düşük toksisite sergileyen ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlerin geliştirilebilmesine imkân tanır. Çeşitli modifikasyonlara uygun olan yapısı, kontrollü salım ve ilaç hedefleme amacıyla kullanımlarını mümkün kılar. Bu amaçla genellikle nano/mikro partiküler yapıda polimerlerle kompozit hâlinde veya mezoporöz ve fiber yapılara sahip biyoaktif camların kullanımı tercih edilir. Etken maddeler, biyoaktif camlara sol-jel prosesi ile camın sentezi sırasında veya immersiyon yoluyla dâhil edilebilir. Bu derlemede, biyoaktif camlara genel bir bakış açısı sunulması, uygulama ve kullanım alanları hakkında bilgi verilmesi ve bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalarla destekleyerek, farmasötik alandaki uygulamaları ve ilaç taşıyıcı sistem olarak biyoaktif camların kullanımının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyoaktif cam; biyoaktivite; biyouyumluluk; rejeneratif tıp; doku mühendisliği; katı-jel faz geçişleri; ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler; kontrollü ilaç salım sistemleri; ilaç hedefleme
Bioactive glasses that composes of surface reactive group of which is bioceramics among biomaterials, by the means of their attributes and abilities of tissue bonding they attract a great deal of interest among several applications particularly bone tissue engineering specifically for the purpose of tissue regeneration and they have preparations that have different fields of usage. In the pharmaceutical field it has been observed that when bioactive glasses are used as carriers to transmit bioactive molecules such as active ingredients, ions, peptides and proteins synergic effect can be yielded. Bioactive glasses with their own unique characteristics make possible to develop drug delivery systems which display more efficiency and less toxicity. With their structure which is applicable to various modifications they make possible their fields of usage for the purposes of controlled release and drug targeting. For this reason, it is preferred to usually use bioactive glasses as in forms of mesoporous and fiber structure or composited with polymers in nano/micro particle level. Active ingredients can be incorporated into bioactive glasses at solgel process during the synthesis of the glass or with the immersion. In this review, it is intended to offer an overall perspective about bioactive glasses, to inform about their fields of application and usage and to assess their usage in pharmaceutical field and as drug delivery systems with proving studies done so far.
Keywords: Bioactive glass; bioactivity; biocompatibility; regenerative medicine; tissue engineering; sol-gel phase transition; drug delivery systems; controlled drug delivery systems; drug targeting
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