.: ORİJİNAL ARAŞTIRMA
Factors Affecting Refractive Status in Babies Followed for Retinopathy of Prematurity; 2 Years Outcomes: A Retrospective Research
Prematürite Retinopatisi Nedeniyle Takip Edilen Bebeklerde Refraktif Durumu Etkileyen Faktörler; 2 Yıllık Sonuçlar: Retrospektif Bir Çalışma
Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol. 2021;30(3):178-86
doi: 10.5336/ophthal.2020-80291
Makale Dili: EN
Tam Metin
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the refractive changes in the first two years of life and to investigate the effect of prematurity, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its treatment on refraction. Material and Methods: This is a single center retrospective study. Ninety eight patients and 196 eyes were investigated between 2016 and 2019. Refractive status was evaluated at 6th month, 1st and 2nd years. Results: Mean spherical value was +2.10±2.36, +1.50±2.13 and +1.13±2.30 at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, respectively. There was a positive correlation between gestational week (GW) and spherical equivalent (SE) values at each follow-up (r=0.21 p=0.002, r=0.26 p=0.000, r=0.28 p=0.000 respectively). SE values in cases born before and after 32 GW did not show any difference at 6th month (p=0.138) at the 1st year and 2nd years, SE values were lower (p=0.028, p=0.009). All cases of high myopic were aggressive posterior-ROP (APROP). Treated and untreated groups were compared and significant differences were observed (p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000, respectively). The study did not reveal any significant differences between diode laser and intravitreal bevacizumab group (p=0.22, p=0.634 and p=0.885, respectively). Astigmatism is not affected by these factors. Conclusion: Higher myopia was detected in those born under 32 GW at 1st year and 2nd years, in APROP cases and in those treated for ROP. Severity of ROP disease itself significantly affects refraction in these type of cases. Astigmatism is not affected by these factors.
Keywords: s: Retinopathy of prematurity; refractive errors; neonatal screening; lasers; intravitreal injections
Objective: To evaluate the refractive changes in the first two years of life and to investigate the effect of prematurity, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its treatment on refraction. Material and Methods: This is a single center retrospective study. Ninety eight patients and 196 eyes were investigated between 2016 and 2019. Refractive status was evaluated at 6th month, 1st and 2nd years. Results: Mean spherical value was +2.10±2.36, +1.50±2.13 and +1.13±2.30 at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, respectively. There was a positive correlation between gestational week (GW) and spherical equivalent (SE) values at each follow-up (r=0.21 p=0.002, r=0.26 p=0.000, r=0.28 p=0.000 respectively). SE values in cases born before and after 32 GW did not show any difference at 6th month (p=0.138) at the 1st year and 2nd years, SE values were lower (p=0.028, p=0.009). All cases of high myopic were aggressive posterior-ROP (APROP). Treated and untreated groups were compared and significant differences were observed (p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000, respectively). The study did not reveal any significant differences between diode laser and intravitreal bevacizumab group (p=0.22, p=0.634 and p=0.885, respectively). Astigmatism is not affected by these factors. Conclusion: Higher myopia was detected in those born under 32 GW at 1st year and 2nd years, in APROP cases and in those treated for ROP. Severity of ROP disease itself significantly affects refraction in these type of cases. Astigmatism is not affected by these factors.
Keywords: s: Retinopathy of prematurity; refractive errors; neonatal screening; lasers; intravitreal injections
ÖZET
Amaç: Yaşamın ilk 2 yılındaki refraktif değişiklikleri değerlendirmek ve prematürite, prematüre retinopatisi [retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)] ve tedavisinin refraksiyon üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu tek merkezli retrospektif bir çalışmadır. 2016 ve 2019 yılları arasında 98 hasta ve 196 göz incelendi. Refraksiyon; 6. ay, 1 ve 2. yılda değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Ortalama sikloplejinli sferik eşdeğer (SE) 6. ayda +2,10±2,36, 1. yılda +1,50±2,13 ve 2. yılda +1,13± 2,30 idi. Altıncı ay, 1 ve 2. yıl gestasyon haftası [gestational week (GW)] ile SE değerleri arasında pozitif korelasyon vardı (sırasıyla r=0,21 p=0,002, r=0,26 p=0,000, r=0,28 p=0,000). 32 GW öncesi ve sonrası doğanlarda SE değerleri 6. ayda farklılık göstermedi (p= 0,138). Ancak 1 ve 2. yılda SE değerleri farklıydı (p=0,028, p=0,009). Yüksek miyop vakalarının tümü agresif posterior ROP (APROP) idi. Tedavi edilen ve tedavi edilmeyen gruplar karşılaştırıldığında SE değerlerinde anlamlı fark izlendi (sırasıyla p=0,000, p=0,000, p=0,000). Diod lazer ve intravitreal bevacizumab grubu arasında SE değerlerinde anlamlı fark yoktu (sırasıyla p=0,22, p=0,634 ve p=0,885). Astigmatik değerlerin ve eksenin dağılımında hiçbir grupta anlamlı fark yoktu. Sonuç: Birinci ve ikinci yılda, 32 gebelik haftasından önce doğanlarda, APROP tanısı alanlarda ve ROP tedavisi görenlerde miyopi anlamlı derecede fazladır. ROP hastalığının ciddiyeti bu tür vakalarda refraksiyonu önemli ölçüde etkiler. Astigmatizma bu değişkenler ile ilişkisizdir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Prematüre retinopatisi; refraksiyon kusurları; yenidoğan taraması; lazerler; intravitreal enjeksiyon
Amaç: Yaşamın ilk 2 yılındaki refraktif değişiklikleri değerlendirmek ve prematürite, prematüre retinopatisi [retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)] ve tedavisinin refraksiyon üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu tek merkezli retrospektif bir çalışmadır. 2016 ve 2019 yılları arasında 98 hasta ve 196 göz incelendi. Refraksiyon; 6. ay, 1 ve 2. yılda değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Ortalama sikloplejinli sferik eşdeğer (SE) 6. ayda +2,10±2,36, 1. yılda +1,50±2,13 ve 2. yılda +1,13± 2,30 idi. Altıncı ay, 1 ve 2. yıl gestasyon haftası [gestational week (GW)] ile SE değerleri arasında pozitif korelasyon vardı (sırasıyla r=0,21 p=0,002, r=0,26 p=0,000, r=0,28 p=0,000). 32 GW öncesi ve sonrası doğanlarda SE değerleri 6. ayda farklılık göstermedi (p= 0,138). Ancak 1 ve 2. yılda SE değerleri farklıydı (p=0,028, p=0,009). Yüksek miyop vakalarının tümü agresif posterior ROP (APROP) idi. Tedavi edilen ve tedavi edilmeyen gruplar karşılaştırıldığında SE değerlerinde anlamlı fark izlendi (sırasıyla p=0,000, p=0,000, p=0,000). Diod lazer ve intravitreal bevacizumab grubu arasında SE değerlerinde anlamlı fark yoktu (sırasıyla p=0,22, p=0,634 ve p=0,885). Astigmatik değerlerin ve eksenin dağılımında hiçbir grupta anlamlı fark yoktu. Sonuç: Birinci ve ikinci yılda, 32 gebelik haftasından önce doğanlarda, APROP tanısı alanlarda ve ROP tedavisi görenlerde miyopi anlamlı derecede fazladır. ROP hastalığının ciddiyeti bu tür vakalarda refraksiyonu önemli ölçüde etkiler. Astigmatizma bu değişkenler ile ilişkisizdir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Prematüre retinopatisi; refraksiyon kusurları; yenidoğan taraması; lazerler; intravitreal enjeksiyon
REFERANSLAR:
- O'Connor AR, Wilson CM, Fielder AR. Ophthalmological problems associated with preterm birth. Eye (Lond). 2007;21(10):1254-60. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Özdemir M, Koylu S. Ocular growth and morbidity in preterm children without retinopathy of prematurity. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2009;53(6): 623-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- O'Connor AR, Stephenson T, Johnson A, Tobin MJ, Moseley MJ, Ratib S, et al. Long-term ophthalmic outcome of low birth weight children with and without retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics. 2002;109(1):12-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Connolly BP, Ng EY, McNamara JA, Regillo CD, Vander JF, Tasman W. A comparison of laser photocoagulation with cryotherapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity at 10 years: part 2. Refractive outcome. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(5):936-41. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Schalij-Delfos NE, de Graaf ME, Treffers WF, Engel J, Cats BP. Long term follow up of premature infants: detection of strabismus, amblyopia, and refractive errors. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84(9):963-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Kent D, Pennie F, Laws D, White S, Clark D. The influence of retinopathy of prematurity on ocular growth. Eye (Lond). 2000;14 ( Pt 1):23-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ton Y, Wysenbeek YS, Spierer A. Refractive error in premature infants. J AAPOS. 2004; 8(6):534-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kaya M, Berk AT, Yaman A. Long-term evaluation of refractive changes in eyes of preterm children: a 6-year follow-up study. Int Ophthalmol. 2018;38(4):1681-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Wu WC, Lin RI, Shih CP, Wang NK, Chen YP, Chao AN, et al. Visual acuity, optical components, and macular abnormalities in patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(9):1907-16. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- An international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. The Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102(8):1130-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Early Treatment For Retinopathy Of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121(12):1684-94. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Mehdizadeh M. Age and refraction. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(11):2097; author reply 2097-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Dobson V, Fulton AB, Manning K, Salem D, Petersen RA. Cycloplegic refractions of premature infants. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981; 91(4):490-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Davitt BV, Dobson V, Quinn GE, Hardy RJ, Tung B, Good WV; Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Astigmatism in the Early Treatment for Retinopathy Of Prematurity Study: findings to 3 years of age. Ophthalmology. 2009;116(2): 332-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Ozdemir O, Tunay ZO, Acar DE, Acar U. Refractive errors and refractive development in premature infants. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2015; 38(10):934-40. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Bhatti S, Paysse EA, Weikert MP, Kong L. Evaluation of structural contributors in myopic eyes of preterm and full-term children. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016;254(5):957-62. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Larsson EK, Holmström GE. Development of astigmatism and anisometropia in preterm children during the first 10 years of life: a population-based study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124(11):1608-14. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Goktas A, Sener EC, Sanac AS. An assessment of ocular morbidities of children born prematurely in early childhood. J Pediatr Opht halmol Strabismus. 2012;49(4):236-41. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Modrzejewska M, Grzesiak W, Karczewicz D, Zaborski D. Refractive status and ocular axial length in preterm infants without retinopathy of prematurity with regard to birth weight and gestational age. J Perinat Med. 2010;38(3): 327-31. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Mao J, Lao J, Liu C, Wu M, Yu X, Shao Y, et al. Factors that influence refractive changes in the first year of myopia development in premature infants. J Ophthalmol. 2019;2019: 7683749. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Quinn GE, Dobson V, Davitt BV, Hardy RJ, Tung B, Pedroza C, et al; Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Progression of myopia and high myopia in the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity study: findings to 3 years of age. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(6):1058-64.e1. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ruan L, Shan HD, Liu XZ, Huang X. Refractive status of Chinese with laser-treated retinopathy of prematurity. Optom Vis Sci. 2015;92(4 Suppl 1):S3-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Hennein L, Koo E, Robbins J, de Alba Campomanes AG. Amblyopia risk factors in premature children in the first 3 years of life. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2019;56(2): 88-94. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ouyang LJ, Yin ZQ, Ke N, Chen XK, Liu Q, Fang J, et al. Refractive status and optical components of premature babies with or without retinopathy of prematurity at 3-4 years old. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(7):11854-61. [PubMed] [PMC]
- Lolas M, Tuma A, Zanolli M, Agurto R, Stevenson R, Ossandón D. Anatomical and refractive outcomes in patients with treated retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2017;92(10):472-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Abri Aghdam K, Khadamy J, Falavarjani KG, Tsui I. Refractive outcomes following the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in the anti-VEGF era: a literature review. J AAPOS. 2016;20(6):539-540.e3. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Chen YC, Chen SN, Yang BC, Lee KH, Chuang CC, Cheng CY. Refractive and biometric outcomes in patients with retinopathy of prematurity treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab as compared with bevacizumab: a clinical study of correction at three years of age. J Ophthalmol. 2018;2018: 456 5216. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Chandra P, Bhoutekar P, Azad R, Agarwal R. Large spot laser for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49(12):e233-e9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kang HG, Kim TY, Han J, Han SH. Refractive outcomes of 4-year-old children after ıntravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor versus laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2019;33(3):272-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Traboulsi EI, Cimino H, Mash C, Wilson R, Crowe S, Lewis H. Vision First, a program to detect and treat eye diseases in young children: the first four years. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2008;106:179-85; discussion 185-6. [PubMed] [PMC]
- Tolia VN, Ahmad KA, Jacob J, Kelleher AS, McLane N, Arnold RW, et al; MEDNAX ROP registry investigators. two-year outcomes of infants with stage 2 or higher retinopathy of prematurity: results from a large multicenter registry. Am J Perinatol. 2020;37(2):196-203. [Crossref] [PubMed]
.: İşlem Listesi