Dünya nüfusunun hızlı artışı ve istenmeyen gebelik oranlarının hâlâ yüksek olması, aile planlamasının önemini artırmaktadır. Kontrasepsiyonun çeşitliliğinin artırılması, yöntemlerin olumsuz etkilerinin azaltılmasına ilişkin çalışmalar yıllardır devam etmekte ve yeni yöntemler çiftlerin kullanımına sunulmaktadır. Ancak geliştirilen ve kullanıma sunulan bu yöntemler kadına yönelik olup, aile planlamasındaki büyük sorumluluk kadınlara yüklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada literatür incelemesi yapılarak, erkek kontrasepsiyonunda yıllardır çeşitli çalışmalar sürmesine rağmen neden kullanıma sunulan yöntem olmadığı, erkek kontrasepsiyonundaki engellerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Erkek kontrasepsiyonunda çeşitliliğin artırılmasına ilişkin çalışmalar 1970'li yıllarda başlamasına rağmen yıllardır kondom, vazektomi ve geri çekme dışında kullanıma sunulan yeni yöntem yoktur. Geliştirilmeye çalışılan yeni bariyer, hormonal, nonhormonal yöntemlerin bazıları hayvan deneyleri, bazıları da insan deneyleri aşamasındadır. Literatür incelendiğinde, çalışmada erkek kontrasepsiyonundaki engellere ilişkin temel bulgular iki ana başlıkta toplamak mümkündür. Bunlardan birincisi çalışmaların sürdürülmesindeki engeller; maliyetin yüksek olması, çalışmaların istenilen başarıyı sağlayamaması, çalışmaya ilişkin tıbbi girişimlere ilişkin yan etkiler ve kullanım zorluğu nedeni ile gönüllülerin çalışmadan ayrılmasıdır. İkincisi ise erkek kontrasepsiyonunun kullanımını sınırlayan faktörlerdir. Bunlar; cinsiyet ayrımcılığı, dini inançlar, eş onayı, yöntemlerin uygulanış zorluğu, libidoyu etkilemesi, geri dönüşünün olmamasıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kontraseptif kullanımı; erkek kontrasepsiyonu; erkek kontraseptif ajanlar; erkek kontrasepsiyonunda engeller
The rapid increase in the world population and the high rates of unintented pregnancy are increasing the importance of family planning. Studies on reducing the negative effects of these methods have been continuing for years and new methods are being put into use for couples. However, these methods that are developed and used are directed towards women, and the great responsibility for family planning is imposed on women. In this study, it is aimed to determine the obstacles in male contraception, despite the fact that several studies have been carried out in male contraception for many years. Although studies on increasing the diversity of male contraception started in the 1970s, there has been no new method for years except for condom, vasectomy and withdrawal. Some of the new barrier, hormonal and non-hormonal methods that are tried to be developed are in animal experiments and some are in human experiments stage. When the literature is examined, it is possible to collect the main findings about the obstacles in male contraception in two main titles. The first one is the obstacles in the continuation of the studies; the high cost, the failure of the studies to achieve the desired success, the side effects related to the medical interventions related to the study and the difficulty of use, leaving the volunteers from the study. The second limiting factor is also the use of male contraception. These are gender discrimination, religious beliefs, spousal approval, difficulty of implementation of methods, affecting of libido, lack of return.
Keywords: Contraceptive usage; male contraception; male contraceptive agents; barriers in male contraception
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