Şiddetli akut solunum sendromu-koronavirüs-2, Aralık 2019'da Çin'in Wuhan şehrinde tespit edilmiş yeni bir koronavirüstür. Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] için spesifik bir terapötik ajan mevcut değildir. Hastalığın tedavisi ve yayılımının önlenmesi seyahat kısıtlamaları, hasta izolasyonu ve destekleyici tıbbi bakım ile sağlanmaktadır. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID19 tedavi kılavuzunda hidroksiklorokin, lopinavir/ritonavir, azitromisin, favipiravir ve interlökin-6 inhibitörlerine yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi [U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)] tarafından remdesivir, deneysel kullanım için onaylanmıştır. Ağır pnömonisi olan veya hidroksiklorokin tedavisi altındayken semptomları ilerleyen hastalarda ise favipiravir (tek başına veya azitromisin ile kombine) tercih edilmektedir. Lopinavir/ritonavir ise ülkemizde COVID19 tanılı gebelerin tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Tedavide kullanılan hidroksiklorokin, klorokin, azitromisin ve lopinavir/ritonavir, QT aralığını uzatmaktadır. Bu ilaçların tek başına veya eş zamanlı kullanımı ile aritmi ilişkili ölüm riskinin artabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle hastaların elektrokardiyogramları yakından takip edilmelidir. Lopinavir/ritonavirin güçlü CYP3A4 inhibitörü, azitromisinin ise p-glikoprotein/ABCB1 inhibitörü olması nedeniyle bu 2 ilacın, diğer ilaçlarla beraber kullanımı, klinik olarak önemli ilaç etkileşimlerine neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, FDA ve T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından önerilen COVID-19'un mevcut tedavileri, uluslararası klinik çalışmalar incelenerek değerlendirilmiştir. Hastalığın sağaltımı için etkinliği klinik çalışmalarla kanıtlanmış bir tedavi şekli henüz bulunmamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 mevcut tedavisi; COVID-19 ilaçları
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 is a new coronavirus detected in Wuhan, China on December 2, 2019. There is no specific therapeutic agent for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Treatment and prevention are provided by travel restrictions, patient isolation and supportive medical care. Hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, azithromycin, favipiravir and interleukin-6 inhibitor are offered for COVID-19 treatment in Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health guidelines. In addition, remdesivir has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for experimental use. Favipiravir (alone or in combination with azithromycin) is preferred for patients with severe pneumonia or whose symptoms progress while under hydroxychloroquine treatment. Lopinavir/ritonavir is used in the treatment of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin and lopinavir/ritonavir used in the treatment of COVID19 prolong the QT interval. This treatment may increase the risk of arrhythmia-related death. Thus, electrocardiograms of the patients should be closely monitored. Because lopinavir/ritonavir is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor and azithromycin is a p-glycoprotein/ABCB1 inhibitor, the use of these two drugs in combination with other drugs may cause clinically significant drug interactions. In this study, the current treatments of COVID-19 recommended by FDA and Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health were evaluated by examining international clinical trials. There is no treatment option for this disease, the effectiveness of which has been proven by clinical studies.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 current treatment; COVID-19 drugs
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