Direnç antrenmanları; maksimum kuvveti, kuvvet geliştirme hızını, güç çıktılarını ve bunların etkisinde atletik performans potansiyelini geliştirmek için önemli uyarıcılar olarak kabul edilmektedir. Teknolojik gelişmeler diğer alanlarda olduğu gibi direnç antrenmanı yöntemlerinin de ilerlemesini ve gelişmesini desteklemektedir. Hız temelli antrenman, direnç antrenmanlarında akut antrenman değişkenlerinin sporcunun hazır bulunuşluk düzeyine göre ve maksimal kuvvet testlerine ihtiyaç duyulmadan düzenlendiği bir otoregülasyon metodu formudur. Bu yöntemde antrenman yükünün, hacminin, sıklığının ve diğer faktörlerin belirlenmesi için egzersizlerinin tekrar döngüsündeki konsantrik fazında hız takibi kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca submaksimal yükler kullanılarak 1 tekrar maksimum kuvvet düzeyini tahmin etmeye olanak sağlayabilmesi, hareket hızının takibiyle birlikte sporcuya performansı, motivasyonu ve yorgunluk düzeyi hakkında eş zamanlı geri bildirim sağlaması hız temelli antrenman yaklaşımını öne çıkaran diğer özelliklerdir. Hız temelli antrenman, hareket hızını ölçen ve ticari olarak ulaşılması kolay olan farklı cihazların yaygınlaşması nedeniyle geçmişten günümüze popülerlik kazanmaktadır. Hız temelli antrenmana karşı egzersiz profesyonelleri ve sporcular tarafından giderek artan ilgi ve yönelim, bu yöntemdeki terimlerin, kullanılan ekipmanların, metotların ve uygulama aşamalarının doğru anlaşılması gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu derlemenin amacı, araştırmacılar ve uygulayıcılar tarafından kullanımı gün geçtikçe artan ve direnç antrenmanlarında güncel bir yaklaşım olan hız temelli antrenman yöntemini bütünsel bir bakış açısıyla tanımlamak, kullanımındaki terimleri ve ekipmanları açıklamak ve uygulama basamakları hakkında bilgi vermektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hız temelli antrenman; direnç antrenmanları; kuvvet
Resistance training is recognized as an important training stimulant to improve maximum strength, rate of force development, power output, and, under the influence of these, athletic performance potential. Technological developments support the progress and development of training methods as in other fields. Velocity-based training is a form of autoregulation method in which acute training variables of resistance training are set according to the athlete's readiness level and without the need for maximal strength tests. In this method, velocity is used in the concentric phase of the exercise repetition cycle to determine the training load, volume, frequency, and other variables. In addition, the ability to predict the 1 repetition maximum strength level by using submaximal loads, providing simultaneous feedback on the performance, motivation and fatigue level of the athlete together with the tracking of the movement speed are other features that highlight the velocity-based training approach. Velocity-based training is gaining popularity from past to present due to the proliferation of different commercially available devices that measure movement velocity. Increasing interest and orientation to velocity-based training by exercise professionals and athletes reveals the need for a correct understanding of the terms, the equipment used, methods, and application stages in this method. Therefore, this review aims to describe the velocity-based training a current method in resistance training, and increasingly used by researchers and practitioners, from a holistic perspective, to explain the terms and equipment in its use and give information about the application steps.
Keywords: Velocity-based training; resistance training; strength
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