Amaç: Kısraklarda üreme organlarının fizyolojik durumunu değerlendirmenin yanı sıra biyolojik ve patolojik reprodüktif olaylarını teşhisi amacıyla B-mod ultrasonografiden faydalanılmaktadır. Reprodüktif organların fonksiyonlarını ve hemodinamik yapılarını değerlendirmek için ise noninvaziv bir yöntem olan transrektal renkli Doppler (RD) ultrasonografi kullanılmaktadır. Sunulan çalışmada, diöstrustaki fertil kısraklarda, ovulasyon sonrası 5. gündeki luteal perfüzyonun değerlendirilmesinde RD ve güç Doppler (GD) ultrasonografi tekniklerinin etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 4-8 yaşları arasında, 350-435 kg ağırlığında, kuzey yarım kürede (41° enlem) yaşayan, 16 adet fertil Arap kısrak dâhil edildi. Üreme sezonunda kısraklar çiftleştirilmedi ve ovulasyon sonrası 5. günde, korpus luteumları (KL) değerlendirildi. Çalışma grupları RD ultrasonografi grubu (Grup RD; n=16) ve GD ultrasonografi grubu (Grup GD; n=16) olarak şekillendirildi. Her iki Doppler tekniği ile KL'deki vaskülarizasyon görüntülendi. Damarlaşma miktarı ImageJ programı ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Ortalama KL çapı 34,1±1,69 mm, KL alanı ise 49,7 mm2 olarak ölçüldü. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi neticesinde, RD ultrasonografi ile KL'deki ortalama renkli piksel miktarı GD tekniğindekine göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p<0,001). Bununla birlikte KL'deki minimum renkli piksellerin miktarı ise GD ultrasonografi tekniğinde daha yüksek saptandı (p<0,001). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak kısraklarda luteal perfüzyonun belirlenmesi amacıyla RD ultrasonografinin etkili bir şekilde kullanılabilecek bir teknik olduğu ve minimal düzeydeki pikselleri tespit edebilmek için GD ultrasonografiden faydalanılabilineceği kanısına varıldı.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kısrak; korpus luteum; renkli Doppler; güç Doppler
Objective: In addition to evaluating the physiological state of reproductive organs in mares, B-mode ultrasonography is used to diagnose biological and pathological reproductive events. Transrectal color Doppler (CD) ultrasonography, which is a noninvasive method, is used to evaluate the functions and hemodynamic structures of reproductive organs. In the present study, it is aimed to compare the effectiveness of CD and power Doppler (PD) ultrasonography techniques in the evaluation of luteal perfusion on the 5th day after ovulation in diestrus fertile mares. Material and Methods: Sixteen fertile Arabian mares aged 4-8 years, weighing 350-435 kg, living in the northern hemisphere (41° latitude) were included in the study. During the breeding season, the mares were not mated and the corpus luteum (CL) was evaluated on the 5th day after ovulation. Study groups were formed as CD ultrasonography group (Group CD; n=16) and PD ultrasonography group (Group PD; n=16). Vascularization in the CL was visualized with both Doppler techniques. The amount of vascularization was analyzed with the ImageJ program. Results: The mean CL diameter was 34.1±1.69 mm, and the CL area was 49.7 mm2 . Vascularization in CL was visualized with both Doppler techniques. As a result of the statistical analysis of the data, the mean amount of colored pixels in CL with CD ultrasonography was found to be significantly higher than in the PD technique (p<0.001). However, the amount of minimum colored pixels in CL was higher in PD ultrasonography technique (p<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, it was concluded that CD ultrasonography is an effective technique to determine luteal perfusion in mares and that PD ultrasonography can be used to detect minimal pixels.
Keywords: Mare; corpus luteum; color Doppler; power Doppler
- Nagy P, Guillaume D, Daels P. Seasonality in mares. Anim Reprod Sci. 2000;60-61:245-62. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Schams D, Berisha B. Regulation of corpus luteum function in cattle--an overview. Reprod Domest Anim. 2004;39(4):241-51. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ishak GM, Bashir ST, Gastal MO, Gastal EL. Pre-ovulatory follicle affects corpus luteum diameter, blood flow, and progesterone production in mares. Anim Reprod Sci. 2017;187:1-12. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ginther OJ. Ultrasonic Imaging and Animal Reproduction. 1st ed. Cross Plains (WI): Equi Services Publishing; 1995.
- Erdoğan G. Veteriner jinekolojide doppler ultrasonografi kullanım alanları [Using of doppler ultrasonography in veterinary gynecology]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci Obstet Gynecol-Special Topics. 2018;4(1):43-9. [Link]
- Uçmak ZG, Kurban İ, Uçmak M. The vascularity of preovulatory follicle: The colour-Doppler assessment and its predictive value in the early pregnancy outcome in Arabian Mares. Vet Hek Dern Derg. 2020;91(2):104-9. [Link]
- Günay Uçmak Z, Kurban I, Uçmak M. Evaluation of vascularization in the walls of preovulatory follicles in mares with endometritis. Theriogenology. 2020;157:79-84. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Miyamoto A, Shirasuna K, Wijayagunawardane MP, Watanabe S, Hayashi M, Yamamoto D, et al. Blood flow: a key regulatory component of corpus luteum function in the cow. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2005;29(2):329-39. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Bollwei H, Weber F, Kolberg B, Stolla R. Uterine and ovarian blood flow during the estrous cycle in mares. Theriogenology. 2002;57(8):2129-38. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ginther OJ. Reproductive Biology of the Mare: Basic and Applied Aspects. 2nd ed. Cross Plains, WI, USA: Equiservices Publishing; 1992. p.233-390.
- Ginther OJ, Gastal EL, Gastal MO, Utt MD, Beg MA. Luteal blood flow and progesterone production in mares. Anim Reprod Sci. 2007;99(1-2):213-20. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Azevedo M de V, Souza NM, Sales FABM, Ferreira-Silva JC, Chaves MS, Vieira JIT, et al. Evaluation of corpus luteum vascularization in recipient mares by using color doppler ultrasound. Acta Sci Vet. 2021;49:1792. [Crossref]
- El-Shahat KH, Abo El-Maaty A, Helmy M, El Baghdady Y. Power and colour Doppler ultrasonography for evaluation of the ovarian and uterine haemodynamics of infertile mares. Bulg. J. Vet. Med. 2020;23(3):338-49. [Link]
- Henneke DR, Potter GD, Kreider JL, Yeates BF. Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares. Equine Vet J. 1983;15(4):371-2. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Taveiros AW, Melo PRM, Freitas Neto LM, Aguiar Filho CR, Silva ACJ, Lima PF, et al. Produção de embriões de éguas Mangalarga Marchador utilizadas nas Regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Med Veterinária (UFRPE). 2008;2(3):19-24. [Link]
- Sales FABM, Azevedo MV, Souza NM, Ferreira-Silva JC, Chaves MS, Junior VR, et al. Correlations of corpus luteum blood flow with fertility and progesterone in embryo recipient mares. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2021;53(2):280. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ginther OJ, Utt MD. Doppler ultrasound in equine reproduction: principles, techniques, and potential. JEVS. 2004;24(12):516-26. [Crossref]
- Ginther OJ, Rodrigues BL, Ferreira JC, Araujo RR, Beg MA. Characterisation of pulses of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha (PGFM) and relationships between PGFM pulses and luteal blood flow before, during, and after luteolysis in mares. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2008;20(6):684-93. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lüttgenau J, Ulbrich SE, Beindorff N, Honnens A, Herzog K, Bollwein H. Plasma progesterone concentrations in the mid-luteal phase are dependent on luteal size, but independent of luteal blood flow and gene expression in lactating dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci. 2011;125(1-4):20-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Herzog K, Brockhan-Lüdemann M, Kaske M, Beindorff N, Paul V, Niemann H, et al. Luteal blood flow is a more appropriate indicator for luteal function during the bovine estrous cycle than luteal size. Theriogenology. 2010;73(5):691-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Requena F, Campos MJAPM, Martínez Marín AL, Camacho R, Giráldez-Pérez RM, Agüera EI. Assessment of age effects on ovarian hemodynamics using doppler ultrasound and progesterone concentrations in cycling Spanish purebred mares. Animals (Basel). 2021;11(8):2339. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Ferreira JC, Ignácio FS, Meira C. Doppler ultrasonography principles and methods of evaluation of the reproductive tract in mares. Acta Sci Vet. 2011;39 (Suppl 1):105-11. [Link]
- Bollwein H, Maierl J, Mayer R, Stolla R. Transrectal color Doppler sonography of the A. uterina in cyclic mares. Theriogenology. 1998;49(8):1483-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lencioni R, Pinto F, Armillotta N, Bartolozzi C. Assessment of tumor vascularity in hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of power Doppler US and color Doppler US. Radiology. 1996;201(2):353-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Guerriero S, Alcazar JL, Ajossa S, Lai MP, Errasti T, Mallarini G, et al. Comparison of conventional color Doppler imaging and power doppler imaging for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer: results of a European study. Gynecol Oncol. 2001;83(2):299-304. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Brogan PT, Henning H, Stout TA, de Ruijter-Villani M. Relationship between colour flow Doppler sonographic assessment of corpus luteum activity and progesterone concentrations in mares after embryo transfer. Anim Reprod Sci. 2016;166:22-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ferreira JC, Filho LFN, Boakari YL, Canesin HS, Thompson DL Jr, Lima FS, et al. Hemodynamics of the corpus luteum in mares during experimentally impaired luteogenesis and partial luteolysis. Theriogenology. 2018;107:78-84. [Crossref] [PubMed]
.: İşlem Listesi