Pasif müzik terapi türü olarak kabul edilen odyo-psiko-fonolojik yöntemlerle yürütülen ses (sound) ya da dinleme (listening) terapileri, dinleme eyleminin işitmeden farklı bir eylem olduğunu savunmaktadır. Ses terapileri, kulaklık ile hava ve kemik iletimi üzerinden, bireye özgü belli bir süre ve program içerisinde, önce pasif dinletilerle ardından bazı aktif odyo-vokal aktivitelerle yürütülen psiko-eğitsel programlardır. Bu programların, kulak-beyin arasındaki yolakları ve tüm sinir sistemini, nöropsikolojik, nörofizyolojik ve nöroanatomik yönden yeniden düzenlediği varsayılmaktadır, özellikle nörogelişimsel bozukluklar, ana tedaviyi tamamlayıcı olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Erişkin Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) tanısı konulmuş 2 olguya, haftada 5 gün, günde 2 saat, toplam 30 seans dinleme terapisi uygulanmıştır. Vakalardan, dinleme becerileri kontrol listesi, Erişkin DEHB Kendi Bildirim Ölçeği, Sürekli Performans Testi (MOXO d-CPT), Beck Depresyon Envanteri ve Beck Anksiyete Envanteri aracılığıyla program öncesinde ve sonunda veri toplanmıştır. Uygulamayı takiben olguların, kendilerinden ve yakın tanıdıklarından olumlu geri bildirimler alınmış; dinleme terapisi sonuçları yüz güldürücü bulunmuştur. Uygulanan dinleti programlarının olası etkinliği, 2 olgu bildirimi üzerinden alanyazın çerçevesince tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, dinleme ya da ses terapisinin, nörogelişimsel bozukluklarda ortaya çıkan bilişsel, duygusal ve davranışsal belirtilerin azaltılmasında, ana tedaviyi tamamlayıcı bir yöntem olarak kullanılabileceği söylenebilir. İleride yapılacak daha kapsamlı çalışmalar, bu konudaki bilgi birikiminin daha sağlam bir zemin üzerine oturmasını sağlayacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Müzik terapi; dinleme terapisi; ses terapisi; nörogelişimsel bozukluklar; dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu
Sound or listening therapies, carried out by audiopsycho-phonological methods, which are accepted as passive music therapy type, argue that listening action is different from hearing. Sound therapies are psychoeducational programs carried out with passive listening firstly and then with some active audio-vocal activities within a certain period and program specific to the individual through air and bone conduction. It is assumed that these programs rearrange the pathways between the ear and brain and the entire nervous system in terms of neuropsychological, neurophysiological and neuroanatomical, and it has started to be used especially in neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, 2 clients/cases diagnosed with Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were given listening therapy for a total of 30 sessions 5 days a week, 2 hours a day. Listening skills checklist, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, Continuous Performance Test (MOXO d-CPT), Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were applied before and after the program. Positive feedback was obtained from the patients and their significant others, and the results were found to be satisfactory. The possible effectiveness of these listening programs are discussed within the framework of the literature, through 2 case reports. As a result, listening or sound therapy can be a complementary method in reducing the cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms that occur in neurodevelopmental disorders, and may be the subject of further studies.
Keywords: Music therapy; listening therapy; sound therapy; neurodevelopmental disorders; attention deficits hyperactivity disorder
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