Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies

.: CASE REPORTS
Dinleme/Ses Terapisi ve Erişkin Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu: İki Olgu Sunumu
Listening/Sound Therapy and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Two Case Reports
Pınar DURSUNa, İbrahim SÖYLEMEZb,c, Uğur FİDANd
aAfyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Afyonkarahisar, TÜRKİYE
bİstanbul Esenyurt Üniversitesi Sanat ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
cİstanbul Adli Tıp Kurumu, Cinsel Travma Birimi, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
dAfyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, Biyomedikal Mühendisliği Bölümü, Afyonkarahisar, TÜRKİYE
J Tradit Complem Med. 2020;3(3):441-8
doi: 10.5336/jtracom.2020-75137
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Pasif müzik terapi türü olarak kabul edilen odyo-psiko-fonolojik yöntemlerle yürütülen ses (sound) ya da dinleme (listening) terapileri, dinleme eyleminin işitmeden farklı bir eylem olduğunu savunmaktadır. Ses terapileri, kulaklık ile hava ve kemik iletimi üzerinden, bireye özgü belli bir süre ve program içerisinde, önce pasif dinletilerle ardından bazı aktif odyo-vokal aktivitelerle yürütülen psiko-eğitsel programlardır. Bu programların, kulak-beyin arasındaki yolakları ve tüm sinir sistemini, nöropsikolojik, nörofizyolojik ve nöroanatomik yönden yeniden düzenlediği varsayılmaktadır, özellikle nörogelişimsel bozukluklar, ana tedaviyi tamamlayıcı olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Erişkin Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) tanısı konulmuş 2 olguya, haftada 5 gün, günde 2 saat, toplam 30 seans dinleme terapisi uygulanmıştır. Vakalardan, dinleme becerileri kontrol listesi, Erişkin DEHB Kendi Bildirim Ölçeği, Sürekli Performans Testi (MOXO d-CPT), Beck Depresyon Envanteri ve Beck Anksiyete Envanteri aracılığıyla program öncesinde ve sonunda veri toplanmıştır. Uygulamayı takiben olguların, kendilerinden ve yakın tanıdıklarından olumlu geri bildirimler alınmış; dinleme terapisi sonuçları yüz güldürücü bulunmuştur. Uygulanan dinleti programlarının olası etkinliği, 2 olgu bildirimi üzerinden alanyazın çerçevesince tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, dinleme ya da ses terapisinin, nörogelişimsel bozukluklarda ortaya çıkan bilişsel, duygusal ve davranışsal belirtilerin azaltılmasında, ana tedaviyi tamamlayıcı bir yöntem olarak kullanılabileceği söylenebilir. İleride yapılacak daha kapsamlı çalışmalar, bu konudaki bilgi birikiminin daha sağlam bir zemin üzerine oturmasını sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Müzik terapi; dinleme terapisi; ses terapisi; nörogelişimsel bozukluklar; dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu
ABSTRACT
 Sound or listening therapies, carried out by audiopsycho-phonological methods, which are accepted as passive music therapy type, argue that listening action is different from hearing. Sound therapies are psychoeducational programs carried out with passive listening firstly and then with some active audio-vocal activities within a certain period and program specific to the individual through air and bone conduction. It is assumed that these programs rearrange the pathways between the ear and brain and the entire nervous system in terms of neuropsychological, neurophysiological and neuroanatomical, and it has started to be used especially in neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, 2 clients/cases diagnosed with Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were given listening therapy for a total of 30 sessions 5 days a week, 2 hours a day. Listening skills checklist, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, Continuous Performance Test (MOXO d-CPT), Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were applied before and after the program. Positive feedback was obtained from the patients and their significant others, and the results were found to be satisfactory. The possible effectiveness of these listening programs are discussed within the framework of the literature, through 2 case reports. As a result, listening or sound therapy can be a complementary method in reducing the cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms that occur in neurodevelopmental disorders, and may be the subject of further studies.

Keywords: Music therapy; listening therapy; sound therapy; neurodevelopmental disorders; attention deficits hyperactivity disorder
REFERENCES:
  1. Tomatis AA. The Conscious Ear: My Life of Transformation Through Listening. 1st ed. Phoenix, AZ: Station Hill Press; 1991. p.1-277.
  2. Tomatis A. The Ear and Language. 1st ed. Norval, Ontario: Moulin Publishing; 1996. p.1-207.
  3. Doidge N. The Brain's Way of Healing: Remarkable Discoveries and Recoveries From the Frontiers of Neuroplasticity. 1st ed. New York: Penguin Books; 2015. p.1-432.
  4. de Voigt M, Vervoort J. Listen to Live: Our Brain and Music. 1st ed. Sint-Truiden, Belgium: MBL-Tomatis Network Listening Centre; 2018. p.1-212.
  5. Madaule P. When Listening Comes Alive: A Guide to Effective Learning and Communication. 2nd ed. Norval, Ontario: Moulin Publishing; 1994. p.1-204.
  6. Fancourt D, Ockelford A, Belai A. The psychoneuroimmunological effects of music: a systematic review and a new model. Brain Behav Immun. 2014;36:15-26. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Thompson BM, Andrews SR. An historical commentary on the physiological effects of music: Tomatis, Mozart and neuropsychology. Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 2000;35(3):174-88. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Vervoort J, de Voigt MJA, Van den Bergh W. The improvement of severe psychomotor and neurological dysfunctions treated with the Tomatis Audio-Psycho-Phonology Method measured with EEG brain map and auditory evoked potentials. J Neurother. 2008;11(4):37-49. [Crossref] 
  9. Kraus N, Banai K. Auditory-processing malleability: focus on language and music. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2007;16(2):105-10. [Crossref] 
  10. Agnew JA, Dorn C, Eden GF. Effect of intensive training on auditory processing and reading skills. Brain Lang. 2004;88(1):21-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Tallal P, Gaab N. Dynamic auditory processing, musical experience and language deve-lopment. Trends Neurosci. 2006;29(7):382-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Özbek H, Doğan S, Yıldız O, Bilici A, Ölmez F, Hanoğlu L, et al. The effect of music therapy with traditional Turkish music upon the psychological and physical status of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Abstracts of the 2015 World Congress of Pyschoncology. 28 July- 1 August, 273/P2-85, Washington DC, USA.
  13. Brown S, Martinez MJ, Parsons LM. Passive music listening spontaneously engages limbic and paralimbic systems. Neuroreport. 2004;15(13):2033-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Castillo-Pérez S, Gómez-Pérez V, Velasco MC, Pérez-Campos E, Mayoral MA. Effects of music therapy on depression compared with psychotherapy. Arts in Psychotherapy. 2010;37(5):387-90. [Crossref] 
  15. du Plessis W, Burger S, Munro M, Wissing D, Nel W. Multimodal enhancement of culturally diverse, young adult musicians: a pilot study involving the Tomatis Method. S Afr J Psychol. 2001;31(3):35-42. [Crossref] 
  16. Esteki M, Soltani M. The effectiveness of sound therapy in the improvement of attention in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Int J Psychol Behav Res. 2015;4(1):37-44.
  17. Gerritsen J. The effect of Tomatis Therapy on children with autism: eleven case studies. Int J List. 2010;24(1):50-68. [Crossref] 
  18. Neysmith-Roy JM. The Tomatis Method with severely autistic boys: individual case studies of behavioral changes. S Afr J Psychol. 2001;31(1):19-28. [Crossref] 
  19. Corbett BA, Shickman K, Ferrer E. Brief report: the effects of Tomatis sound therapy on language in children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2008;38(3):562-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Kershner JR, Cummings RL, Clarke KA, Hadfield AJ, Kershner BA. Two-year evaluation of the Tomatis Listening Training Program with learning disabled children. Learn Disabil Q. 1990;13(1):43-53. [Crossref] 
  21. Gilmor T. The efficacy of the Tomatis Method for children with learning and communication disorders: a meta-analysis. Int J List 1999;13(1):12-23. [Crossref] 
  22. Berger I, Cassuto H. The effect of environmental distractors incorporation into a CPT on sustained attention and ADHD diagnosis among adolescents. J Neurosci Methods. 2014;222:62-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Berger I, Goldzweig G. Objective measures of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study. Isr Med Assoc J. 2010;12(9):531-5. [PubMed] 
  24. Kessler RC, Adler L, Ames M, Demler O, Faraone S, Hiripi E, et al. The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychol Med. 2005;35(2):245-56. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Doğan S, Öncü B, Varol Saraçoğlu G, Küçükgöncü S. [Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1. 1)]. Anatolian J Psychiatry. 2009;10(2):77-87. [Link] 
  26. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Hisli N. [Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression Inventory for university students]. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1989;7(23):3-13.
  28. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Ulusoy M, Şahin Hisli N, Erkmen H. Turkish Version of The Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric properties. J Cognitive Psychotherapy: Int Quaterly. 1998;12(2):28-35.
  30. Cassuto H, Ben-Simon A, Berger I. Using environmental distractors in the diagnosis of ADHD. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7:805. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  31. Slobodin O, Cassuto H, Berger I. Age-related changes in distractibility: developmental trajectory of sustained attention in ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2018;22(14):1333-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Korkmaz-Özkanoğlu F. Evaluation of frontal lobe function. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;27:263.
  33. Malkoç G, Kırnaz S. [Utilization of the Moxo continuous performance test for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder as an evaluation tool]. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2018;17(33):103-13. [Link] 
  34. Doğan S, Öncü B, Varol-Saraçoğlu G, Küçükgöncü S. [Prevalence of ADHD symptoms in university students and developmental, academic and psychological factors related to symptom level]. Türkiye'de Psikiyatri. 2008;10(3):109-15. [Link] 
  35. Beelmann W, Kopka MA, Vervoort J, Vervoort A. Der audio-psycho-phonologische Ansatz nach Tomatis bei der Behandlung von Kindern mit Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen. Empirische Sonderpädagogik. 2019;11(1):81-92. [Link] 
  36. Bonthuys A, Botha K. Tomatis® Method comparative efficacy in promoting self-regulation in tertiary students: a systematic review. J Psychol Africa. 2016;26(1):92-106. [Crossref] 
  37. Öztürk L, Özbek H. [A medical practice that is rising from the ashes: music therapy]. J Health Services Educ. 2018;2(1):1-8. [Link]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  38. Schlaug G. Musicians and music making as a model for the study of brain plasticity. Prog Brain Res. 2015;217:37-55. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  39. Johansson BB. Music and brain plasticity. European Review. 2006;14(1):49-64. [Crossref] 
  40. Schiavio A, Altenmüller E. Exploring music-based rehabilitation for Parkinsonism through embodied cognitive science. Front Neurol. 2015;6:217. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com