D vitamini ile ilgili genel ilgi ve araştırmalarda artış görülmektedir ve günlük diyetin bir parçası olarak D vitamini takviyeleri alan birçok sporcu mevcuttur. D vitamininin en bilinen rolü, kalsiyum homeostazını düzenlemesidir. D vitamini nükleer reseptörlerinin varlığının anlaşılmasıyla birlikte; D vitamininin, kas, kardiyovasküler, hormonal, sinir ve bağışıklık sistemi gibi iskelet dışı dokular ile etkileşime girebileceği, egzersize bağlı travma ve enfeksiyon riskini hafifleterek mekanik toparlanmayı olumlu etkileyebileceği gösterilmiştir. D vitamini yetersizliği olan sporcularda D vitamini takviyesinin kuvvet, dayanıklılık (max VO2, immün sistem), kas yaralanmaları, kemik/stres kırıkları üzerine olumlu etkisi ile ilgili çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ancak, yeterli D vitamini düzeyine sahip sporcularda çok fazla çalışma yoktur. D vitamini sentezini etkileyen birçok çevresel ve biyolojik faktör vardır. Sporcularda antrenman ve düşük vücut yüzde yağ değerleri serum D vitamini düzeylerini etkileyebilmektedir. Birçok çalışma, D vitamini eksiklik ve yetersizliğinde, D vitamini takviyesinin sporcularda performansı iyileştirmede etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak, pek çok sporcunun genellikle aşırı dozda D vitamini içeren takviye aldıkları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, aşırı D vitamininin sağlığa zararlı olup olmadığını değerlendirmek önemlidir. Eksiklik ve yetersizlik durumunda sporcularda uygulanması gereken D vitamini takviye protokülü mevcut değildir. Hatta eksiklik ve yetersizlik olarak tanımlanan serum D vitamini düzeylerinde de fikir birliği yoktur. Bu durumda, sporcuların bireysel olarak takip edilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, mevcut bilimsel literatüre dayanarak D vitamininin atletik performans üzerine etkilerini incelemektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: D vitamini; atletik performans; dayanıklılık; kuvvet; spor yaralanmaları; toparlanma
In recent years, there has been an increase in general interest and research about vitamin D. There are many athletes who take vitamin D supplements as part of their daily diet. The most known role of vitamin D is the regulation of calcium homeostasis. With the discovery of nuclear receptors of vitamin D; it has been shown that it interacts with non-skeletal tissues such as muscle, cardiovascular, hormonal, nervous and immune systems, and can reduce the risk of trauma and infection due to exercise, and may positively affect mechanical recovery. There are studies on the positive effect of vitamin D supplementation on strength, endurance (max VO2, immune system), muscle injuries, bone/stress fractures in athletes with vitamin D deficiency. However, there is not enough research for athletes with adequate vitamin D levels. There are many environmental and biological factors affecting the synthesis of vitamin D. Training in athletes and low body fat percentages may affect serum vitamin D levels. Many studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency is effective in improving performance in athletes. However, considering that many athletes usually receive an overdose of vitamin D supplementation, it is important to assess whether excessive vitamin D is harmful to health. In case of deficiency and inadequacy, there is no vitamin D supplementation protocol that should be applied in athletes. Even there is no consensus on serum vitamin D levels, which are defined as deficiency and inadequacy. In this case, it is important to follow the athletes individually. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of vitamin D on athletic fitness and performance based on the current scientific literature.
Keywords: Vitamin D; athletic performance; physical endurance; muscle strength; sports injuries; recovery
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