Cordyceps sinensis, Uzak Doğu'da özellikle Çin, Nepal ve Tibet'in yüksek platolarında yetişen çok değerli ve nadir bulunan tıbbi bir mantardır. Çin'de MS 620'ye kadar uzanan yazılı literatürde; büyülü bir yaratık, hayvan ve bitki olarak tanımlanan tür, Geleneksel Çin Tıbbında yüzyıllardan beri ilaç olarak kullanılmaktadır. Caterpillar fungus, Dong Chong Xia Cao, Çin tırtıl mantarı veya Yarsagumba olarak da bilinen Cordyceps sinensis, taksonomik olarak Ascomycota (keseli mantarlar) sınıfı, Clavicipitaceae familyasında yer alan entomopatojen bir canlı türüdür. Meyveli gövdenin morfolojik özellikleri; hafif silindirik, çubuk şeklinde, renk olarak da sarımsı-turuncu veya kırmızımsı-turuncu renge sahip olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu mantar geleneksel olarak ishal, baş ağrısı, öksürük, romatizma, karaciğer ve böbrek hastalıkları, diyabet, yorgunluk gibi hastalıklar için binlerce yıldan beri kullanılmaktadır. Kimyasal içeriğinde bulunan nükleozitler, polisakkaritler, steroller, proteinler, vitaminler, mineraller sayesinde tıbbi olarak antitümör, immünomodülatör, antioksidan, antidiyabetik, cinsel gücü artırıcı, yorgunluk giderici, böbrek ve karaciğer fonksiyonlarını iyileştirici etkiler göstermesinin yanı sıra besin değeri olarak da önemli bir tıbbi mantardır. Kimyasal içeriğine bakıldığında, sahip olduğu nükleozit grubuna ait olan kordisepin ve kordisepik asit başlıca bileşenler olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Cordyceps sinensis, son yıllarda tüm dünyada popüler doğal ürünler arasında yerini almıştır. Özellikle antioksidan ve immünomodülatör etkileri nedeniyle, antitümör olarak kullanımı göze çarpmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, önemli farmakolojik etkilere sahip olan ve tıbbi olarak da kullanılan Cordyceps sinensis hakkında daha detaylı bilgi verilmesi, üzerine yapılmış olan araştırmaların sunulması amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Cordyceps sinensis; Hepialus armoricanus; mantar
Cordyceps sinensis is a very precious and rare medicinal fungus that grows in the Far East, especially in China, Nepal, and Tibet on high altitude platelets. According to the literature, since 620 AC in China, the species described as a magical creature, animal and plant, has been used as a medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine for centuries. Cordyceps sinensis, also known as Caterpillar fungus, Dong Chong Xia Cao, Chinese caterpillar fungus and Yarsagumba. Taxonomically, it is an entomopathogenic species in the Ascomycota class and the Clavicipitaceae family. The morphological features of the fruit body are in the form of a slightly cylindrical, rodshaped. The color is defined as yellowish-orange or reddish-orange. This fungus has traditionally been used for thousands of years for diseases such as diarrhea, headache, cough, rheumatism, liver and kidney diseases, diabetes, and fatigue. The chemical content of the fungus includes nucleosides, polysaccharides, sterols, proteins, vitamins and minerals. These components have both antitumor, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, sexual potency boosters, relieving fatigue, improving kidney function and liver function, and high nutritional value. In its chemical content, cordycepin and cordycepic acid, which belong to the nucleoside group, are the main components. Cordyceps sinensis has become very popular all over the world in recent years. Recently, using the fungus due to its antitumor effect is prominent and its antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects support this effect. For this reason, the studies conducted on Cordyceps sinensis, which has significant pharmacological effects and medicinal importance, are compiled and presented in this review.
Keywords: Cordyceps sinensis; Hepialus armoricanus; fungus
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