Amaç: Gelişme geriliği ve mikro besin eksiklikleri çölyak hastalığı (ÇH)nın iyi bilinen komplikasyonlarıdır. Bu araştırmada, birincil olarak çölyak tanısı ile izlenen hastaların besleme ve büyüme durumlarının değerlendirmesi ve sağlıklı çocuklarla karşılaştırılması, ikincil olarak çölyak hastalarında diyete uyumun besleme ve büyüme durumuna etkisinin incelemesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, Haziran 2017 ve Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Hastalar, yeni tanılı ve takipli çölyak hastaları olarak 2 gruba ayrıldı. Takipli çölyak hastaları en az 1 yıldır izlemde olan hastalardan seçildi ve glutensiz diyet uyumuna göre 2 gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların sosyodemografik, antropometrik özellikleri ve laboratuvar değerleri kaydedildi. Büyüme geriliği (BG), yaşa göre boy z (YBZ) skorunun <-2 olması, beslenme yetersizliği, yaşa göre vücut ağırlığı z (YVZ) skorunun <-2 olması, kronik malnütrisyon beden kitle indeksi z (BKİZ) skorunun <-2 olması ve obezite BKİZ >+2 olması olarak tanımlandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya, 70 çölyak hastası ve 57 sağlıklı çocuk alındı. Çölyak hastalarında yetersiz beslenme, BG ve kronik malnütrisyon prevalansı sırasıyla %24,3, %17,1 ve %14,3'tü. Çölyak grubunun ortalama YVZ, YBZ ve BKİZ skorları sırasıyla -1,2, -0,92 ve -1,0'dı ve kontrol grubununkinden anlamlı olarak düşük saptanırken, diyet uyumu iyi olan hastalarda bu farkın kısmen kapandığı gözlendi. Çölyak hastalarında D vitamini, çinko, demir ve A vitamini eksiklikleri en sık görülen mikro besin eksiklikleriydi Sonuç: Çalışmamız, tanı anında ÇH'nin yaygın bir şekilde gelişme geriliği ile birlikte görülmesine rağmen bu çalışmaya dâhil edilen hastaların büyük bir kısmında gelişme geriliği gözlemlenmediğini, hastaların bir kısmında diyet uyumunun iyi olmasına rağmen gelişme geriliğinin ve yetersiz beslenmenin devam ettiğini ve yeni tanı alan ve takipli çölyak hastalarında mikro besin eksikliklerinin görülme sıklığının yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Çölyak hastalığı; büyüme; vitaminler; mineraller
Objective: Growth retardation and micronutrient deficiencies are well-known complications of celiac disease (CD). In this study, it was aimed primarily to evaluate the nutritional and growth status of patients with celiac disease and to compare them with healthy children, and secondarily to examine the effect of dietary compliance on feeding and growth status in these patients. Material and Methods: The study was conducted between June 2017 and December 2019. Celiac patients were grouped as newly diagnosed and follow-up. Follow up children with celiac disease were chosen from at least one-year disease follow-up and grouped into two according to their compliance to glutenfree diet. The patients' sociodemographic and anthropometric features and laboratory values were recorded. Growth retardation was considered if height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) were below -2; undernutrition if weightfor-age z-scores were below -2, severe malnutrition if weight-for-age zscores (WAZ) were below -2 and obesity was considered if body mass index z scores (BMIZ) were above +2. Results: Seventy celiac patients and 57 healthy children were included in the study. The prevalence of malnutrition, growth retardation and chronic malnutrition in celiac patients was 24.3%, 17.1% and 14.3%, respectively. The mean YVZ, YBZ and BMI scores of the celiac group were -1.2, -0.92 and -1.0, respectively, and were significantly lower than those of the control group, while this difference was partially closed in patients with good dietary compliance. Vitamin D, zinc, iron and vitamin A deficiencies were the most common micronutrient deficiencies in patients with celiac disease. Conclusion: Our study revealed that although growth retardation can be seen in patients with celiac disease at diagnosis, there was no growth retardation in most of the our patients, catch up growth did not occur in some patients with CD, and the frequency of micronutrient deficiencies were high in both newly diagnosed and followed-up celiac patients.
Keywords: Celiac disease; growth; vitamins; minerals
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