Koroziv özofagus yaralanmaları gelişmiş ülkelerdeki güvenlik önlemleri nedeni ile nadir rastlanan bir sorun olmakla birlikte, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Koroziv özofagus yaralanmaları geri dönüşü olmayan zararlara ve tedavi gerektiren bir duruma neden olmaktadır. Bu zararlar, üst solunum yolları ve sindirim sisteminde birçok komplikasyona neden olmaktadır. Koroziv özofagus yaralanmaları, beş yaş altı çocuklarda en sık görülen ev kazalarından biridir. Ergenlerde ise intihar amacıyla bu yaralanmalar görülmektedir. Koroziv özofagus yaralanmalarında tedavi ve bakım uzun zaman almaktadır. Çocuklarda koroziv özofagus yaralanmalarının bakımı, çocuğun klinik belirti ve bulgularına göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, çocuklarda koroziv özofagus yaralanmalarında hemşirelik bakımının açıklanması amacıyla yazılmıştır. Çalışmada, hemşirelik bakımı, hastane öncesi (olay yeri), acil servis, erken (akut) dönem, geç (kronik) dönem ve rehabilitasyon (evde bakım) döneminde bakım olmak üzere beş bölümde incelenmiştir. Hastane öncesi (olay yeri) bakımda, hemşireler, koroziv özofagus yaralanmaları konusunda ailelerin doğru uygulamalar yapabilmesi için eğitim vermelidir. Acil servis döneminde, çocuğun temel olarak havayolu açıklığı ve hemodinamik stabilizasyonunun sağlanması önemlidir. Erken (akut) dönemde, hafif koroziv özofagus yaralanmaları olan çocuklar, oral beslenmeyi tolere edinceye kadar hastanede izlenmelidir. Derin koroziv özofagus yaralanmaları olan çocuklar, striktür gelişimi olasılığı açısından değerlendirilmelidir. Geç (kronik) dönemde, en fazla görülen komplikasyonlardan biri olan özofagus striktürüne yönelik bakım verilmelidir. Rehabilitasyon döneminde ise çocukların ve ailelerin diyet, enfeksiyon, ilaç ve aktivite konusunda yaşadıkları sorunlar ve gereksinimler hakkında hemşireler aileyi bilgilendirmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Koroziv madde yaralanması; özofagus; çocuk hasta; hemşirelik bakımı; akut bakım; rehabilitasyon
Corrosive esophageal injuries are a major health problem in developing countries, with a rare problem due to security measures in developed countries. Corrosive esophageal injuries cause irreversible damage and require treatment. These damages cause many complications in the upper respiratory tract and the digestive tract. These injuries are one of the most common home accidents in children under five years of age. In adolescents, these injuries are seen for suicidal purposes. Treatment and care take a long time in corrosive esophageal injuries. The care of these injuries varies according to the clinical signs and symptoms of the child. This review was written to explain the nursing care in children with corrosive esophageal injuries. In the review, nursing care was examined in five sections including prehospital emergency-service, early, late and rehabilitation period. In prehospital care, nurses should be trained to provide the right practice for families with corrosive esophageal injuries. In the emergency-service period, it is important to ensure that the airway patency and hemodynamic stabilization of the child is essential. In the early period, children with mild corrosive esophageal injuries should be followed up in the hospital until they tolerate oral feeding. Children with deep-corrosive esophageal injuries should be evaluated for the possibility of stricture development. In the late period, care should be given to the esophageal stricture, which is one of the most common complications. Nurses should inform the family about the problems and needs of children and families about diet, infection, medicine and activity during the rehabilitation period.
Keywords: Corrosive substance injury; esophagus; pediatric patient; nursing care; acute care; rehabilitation
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