Büyütme faktörü olarak antibiyotiklerin yemlere katılmasının yasaklanmasının ardından tavukçuluk sektöründe ciddi kayıplar gündeme gelmiştir. Bu kayıplar, patojen etkenlere yakalanma olasılığının artışına bağlı olarak ilaç-veteriner hizmeti giderleri, et yumurta veriminde düşme, var olan diğer sürüler için ve yetiştirilmeye alınacak hatlar için kontaminasyon riskinde artış şeklinde kendini göstermiştir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotasının ve histomorfolojik yapısının bozulmasına ilişkin immün sistemin baskılanması ve buna bağlı olarak gelişen ekonomik kayıplar da oldukça önem kazanmaktadır. Bunların önlenebilmesi amacıyla antibiyotiğe alternatif yem katkı maddesi arayışları başlamış ve hâlen devam etmektedir. Antibiyotiğe alternatif olan probiyotikler, postbiyotikler ve esansiyel yağ asitleri gibi birçok yem katkı maddesi arasında yer alabilen algler, besin madde içeriğinin yüksek olmasıyla da dikkat çekmeyi başarmıştır. Son zamanlarda önemi artan bir diğer konu da nanoteknoloji ve bu teknoloji ile üretilen ürünlerin hayvan beslemede kullanılabilirliği olmuştur. Nanopartikül, nanogümüş partiküllerin antimikrobiyal etkileri ortaya konmuş, bu teknoloji ile mikroalglerin üretilmesi çabasına girilmiştir. Söz konusu derlemede, etlik piliçlerin beslenmesinde kullanılabilen algler ve gümüş nanopartiküller ele alınmıştır. Önemli bir biyoteknolojik gelişme olan gümüş nanopartiküllerin çok sayıda üretim yöntemi bulunmaktadır. Üretimi sırasında oluşan toksik ve çevreye zararlı etkiler neticesinde yeşil sentez ortaya çıkmış ve bu amaçlarla gümüş nanopartikül üretiminde algler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Yeşil sentez yönteminin kullanılmasıyla hem çevreye olumlu etkiler yaratan hem de antibiyotiğe alternatif bir katkının ortaya çıkması gündeme gelmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Mikroalg; nanoteknoloji; kanatlı; antibiyotik
After the prohibition of the addition of antibiotics to the ration as a growth factor, serious losses have been raised in the poultry entegrations. These losses are due to the increase in the probability of catching pathogenic agents, drug-veterinary service expenses, decrease in meat-egg yield, contamination risk for other existing flocks and lines. Recently, suppression of the immune system related to the deterioration of intestinal microbiology and histomorphological structure and the resulting economic losses are also coming into question. In order to prevent them, the probably usage of feed additives for alternative to antibiotics have begun and still in progress. Algae, which can be taken a part of many feed additives such as probiotics, postbiotics and essential fatty acids as an alternative to antibiotics, have also attracted attention with their high nutrient content. Another topic of increasing importance recently has been nanotechnology and the availability in animal nutrition of its products that are produced with this technology. The antimicrobial effects of nanoparticle and nanosilver particles have been demonstrated and this technology has been attempted to produce microalgae. In this review, algae and silver nanoparticles which can be used in broiler diets are discussed. There are numerous production methods of silver nanoparticles which are an important biotechnological development. As a result of toxic and environmentally harmful effects during production, green synthesis has been developed and algae have been used for silver nanoparticle production. With the use of the green synthesis method, both of an alternative contribution to the antibiotic and the positive effects on the environment has emerged.
Keywords: Microalg; nanotechnology; poultry; antibiotic
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