İmmün sistem, 3 ana kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Bunlar; immün sistem organları, immünositler adı da verilen immün sistem hücreleri ve immün moleküllerdir. Kompleman, çok sayıda protein içeren, doğal ve edinsel immün sistemin temel moleküllerindendir. Vücuttaki kompleman proteinlerinin oranı ve farklı kompleman proteinleri arasındaki denge, hastalıklarla yakından ilişkilidir. Kompleman sistemi, 3 farklı yolla aktifleşerek yabancı olan moleküllerden konağı korur. Farklı kompleman proteinleri ile başlayan aktivasyon süreci ortak bir mekanizma ile sonlanır. Böbrek nakli de aslında immün sistemin bir sınavıdır. Canlı veya kadavra vericiden (donör) alınan böbrek, hastaya yabancıdır ve nakil hastadaki immün sistemi harekete geçirir. Kompleman proteinleri de doğal olarak bu sürece katılır. Bu derlemede, naklin 2 tarafı olan hasta ve donörün, kompleman sistemine olan katkısı değerlendirilmiştir. Hastada, böbrek yetersizliğine gidişi tetikleyen kompleman proteinlerindeki anormal durumlar, hastalıktan kaynaklanan inflamasyon ve son dönem böbrek yetersizliği olan hastalardaki diyalizin, kompleman proteinlerini etkilemesi muhtemeldir. Özellikle kadavradan yapılan nakillerde, yoğun bakım ünitelerindeki donörlerden kaynaklı veya iskemi süreleri ile kompleman sisteminin aktivasyonu oluşur. Bu donörlerdeki, hemodinamik dengesizlik, hormon düzensizliği ve inflamatuar reaksiyonlar önemli fizyolojik değişikliklere neden olur. Sonuçta olarak, hücre fenotiplerinin değişimi, kemokin ve sitokin havuzlarındaki farklılıklar, kompleman aktivasyonuyla sonuçlanabilir. Farklı yolların aktivasyonu ve bu yollar arasındaki sinerji, immün reaksiyonu güçlendirir. Nakil öncesinde ve sonrasında immün sistem aktivasyonunun, kompleman penceresinden de değerlendirilmesi organ nakli kliniklerine katkı sağlayacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Böbrek transplantasyonu; diyaliz; kompleman
The immune system consists of three main parts. These are organs of the immune system, cells of the immune system, also called immunocytes, and immune molecules. Complement is one of the basic molecules of the natural and acquired immune system that contains a large number of proteins. The proportion of complement proteins in the body and the balance between different complement proteins are closely related to diseases. The complement system is activated in three different ways to protect the host from foreign molecules. The activation process starts with different complement proteins and ends with a common mechanism. Renal transplantation is also the factor that activates the immune system. The kidney from living or cadaver donor is foreign to the patient and the transplant activates the immune system. Complement proteins are also naturally involved in this process. In this review, the contribution to the complement system of the patient and donor, who are on both sides of the transplant was evaluated. Abnormal conditions in the complement proteins that triggering the progression to renal failure in the patient, inflammation caused the disease, and dialysis in patients with endstage renal failure are likely to affect complement proteins. Especially in cadaver transplants, activation of the complement system occurs due to donor in intensive care units or ischemia times. Hemodynamic imbalance, hormone disorder and inflammatory reactions in these donors cause important physiological changes. As a result, changes in cell phenotypes, differences in chemokine and cytokine pools may result in complement activation. The evaluation of immune system activation before and after transplantation from the complement window will contribute to organ transplantation clinics.
Keywords: Kidney transplantation; dialysis; complement
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