Dioksinler; kalıcı organik çevresel kirleticiler arasında yer alan, toksik özellikleri nedeniyle insanlar için ciddi sağlık sorunları oluşturan, iki klorlu benzen halkası içeren bileşen grubunun genel adıdır. Özellikle son yıllarda gelişen endüstriyle birlikte klorlu birçok kimyasalın üretimi ve atık yakma sonucunda ara ürün olarak ortaya çıkarak, çevrede yaygın olarak bulunmaktadırlar. Kısa süreli yüksek seviyelerde dioksine maruz kalma, klorakneye, karaciğer fonksiyon bozukluklarına ve cildin şekilsiz kararması gibi deri lezyonlarına sebep olmaktadır. Uzun süreli maruz kalmada ise başta kanser, Tip 2 diyabet ve iskemik kalp hastalığı gibi sağlık sorunlarının olabileceği bildirilmektedir. İnsanlar için dioksinlere maruz kalmanın başlıca yollarından biri de gıdalardır. Dioksinler, kanatlıların besin zincirine birkaç yoldan girdiğinden, özellikle kanatlı etleri ve yumurtalar bu bileşen yönünden risk taşımaktadır. Çevre kirliliğinden etkilenmiş alanlarda üretilen, ev yetiştiriciliği ya da organik besicilik yapan işletmelerden elde edilen yumurta ve kanatlı etlerinde önemli düzeylerde dioksin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dioksinlerin zararlı etkilerinden korunmak ve dioksin bakımından güvenli tavuk eti ve yumurta üretimi için çiftlik aşaması başta olmak üzere; üretim, işleme, dağıtım ve satış sırasında kontrol edilmesi gerekir. Tavuk çiftliklerinde tolerans seviyelerinin aşılmasını önlemek için kontaminasyon izleme sistemleri oluşturulmalıdır. Yine kontamine yumurta ve kanatlı etlerinde dioksin düzeylerini tespit etmek ve kontamine ürünleri uzaklaştırmak için çaba gösterilmelidir. Tüketicilerin, kanatlılarda dioksin varlığı ile ilgili bilinci her geçen gün artsa da doğadaki ve gıdalarımızdaki dioksin seviyelerinin arzu edilen değerlere indirilmesinin uzun yıllar alacağı ve dolayısıyla insanlar için bu bileşiğin uzun bir süre daha risk kaynağı oluşturacağı bilinmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Dioksin; kanatlı; yumurta; gıda kontaminasyonu; halk sağlığı
Dioxins are the general name of a group of component containing two chlorinated benzene rings, which are among the permanent organic environmental pollutants, that are cause serious health problems for humans due to their toxicity. They can be found widely in the environment especially in recent years, after the increase in the production of chlorinated chemicals and as an intermediate product as a result of waste incineration. Short-term exposure to high levels of dioxins leads to chloracne, liver dysfunctions and skin lesions such as amorphous blackening of the skin. It is reported that long term exposure may cause health problems such as cancer, Type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease. Food is one of the main ways of exposure to dioxins for humans. Since dioxins enter the food chain of poultry in several ways, especially poultry meat and eggs have a risk in terms of this component. It is known that there are significant levels of dioxins detected from eggs and poultry meat produced in the areas affected by environmental pollution, obtained from small size enterprises or organic dairy farms. Controls during the production, processing, distribution and sales are essential, in particular, to prevent the harmful effects of dioxins and to produce dioxin-safe food. Contamination monitoring systems should be established to prevent tolerance levels to be exceeded. Despite the increasing awareness of the presence and prevention of dioxin in poultry, it will take many years for the levels to be reduced to the desired values in nature and it should also be known that this compound will be a risk factor for humans for a long time.
Keywords: Dioxin; poultry; egg; food contamination; public health
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