Arı ürünleri zengin kimyasal içeriği ve terapötik etkilerinden dolayı ilaç, kozmetik, gıda sanayisi ve apiterapi merkezlerinde kullanılmaktadır. Arı ürünlerine olan ilgi her geçen gün artmakta, bu artışla birlikte ürün yelpazesi ve bu ürünler ile tedavi yöntemleri de hızla gelişmektedir. Apilarnil (erkek arı larvası), son yıllarda araştırılmaya başlanan, halk hekimliğinde çeşitli sağlık sorunlarını tedavi etmek için kullanılan, popülaritesi giderek artan bir arı ürünüdür. Apilarnil Rusya, Çin, Slovakya, Ukrayna, Romanya gibi ülkelerde binlerce yıldır kullanılmasına rağmen ülkemizde ve pek çok Avrupa ülkesinde yaygın olarak bilinmeyen ancak ilaç olabilme potansiyeli taşıyan arı ürünlerinden biridir. Apilarnilin kimyasal içeriği ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar, apilarnilin yüksek besin değerinin bir gıda bileşeni olarak ve tıbbi tedavi desteği için son derece önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bunun yanı sıra bir ilaca dönüşme potansiyeli taşıyan apilarnilin, ilaçta dozun önemi göz önüne alındığında, doz skalasının belirlenmesi için kimyasal kompozisyonuna hâkim olmak gereklidir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, apilarnilin kimyasal içeriği ile ilgili şimdiye kadar yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar derlenerek sonuçlar birbirleriyle kıyaslanmıştır. Tüm çalışmalar birlikte değerlendirildiğinde apilarnilin kimyasal bileşiminde karbohidratlar, şekerler, proteinler amino asitler, lipidler, doymuş ve doymamış yağ asitleri, hormonlar, vitaminler ve minerallerin yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Ancak önceki çalışmalarda gerek içerik profili gerekse miktar ve birim bakımından farklılıklar olması apilarnilin kimyasal içeriği ile ilgili yorum yapmayı zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu derleme apilarnilin kimyasal içerik analizlerinde standart bir metot oluşturmak için yol gösterici olacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Erkek arı larvası; kimyasal bileşim; apiterapi; arı ürünleri; besinler
Bee products are used in medicine, cosmetics, food industry and apitherapy centers due to their rich chemical content and therapeutic effects. The interest in bee products is increasing day by day, and with this increase, the product range and treatment methods with these products are also developing rapidly. Apilarnil (drone brood larva) is an increasingly popular bee product that has been researched in recent years and is used in folk medicine to treat various health problems. Although apilarnil has been used for thousands of years in countries such as Russia, China, Slovakia, Ukraine and Romania, it is one of the bee products that is not widely known in our country and many European countries, but it has the potential to be a medicine. Studies on the chemical content of apilarnil show that the high nutritional value of apilarnil is extremely important as a food component and for medical treatment support. In addition; apilarnil, which has the potential to turn into a drug, is necessary to have knowledge of chemical composition of apilarnil in order to determine the dose scale, considering the importance of the dose of the drug. For this reason, in this study, scientific studies done so far on the chemical content of apilarnil were compiled and the results were compared with each other. When all studies were evaluated together; it was determined that the chemical composition of apilarnil includes carbohydrates, sugars, proteins, amino acids, lipids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, hormones, vitamins and minerals. However, in previous studies; differences in content profile, amount and unit make it difficult to comment on the chemical content of apilarnil. This review will be a guide to establish a standard method for chemical content analysis of apilarnil.
Keywords: Bee drone larvae; chemical composition; apitherapy; bee products; nutrient
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