Antrenman yükü takibi, antrenör yargılarından daha fazla ilgiyi hak eden bir konudur. Bu fikir temel alınarak yazılan makalenin amacı, antrenman yükü ölçüm yöntemlerinin araştırılması ve incelenmesidir. Son yıllardaki teknolojik gelişmeler, çeşitli nesnel ve öznel yöntemlerle antrenman yükü ölçümü kolaylaşmıştır. Bu yöntemlerden beklenilen özellik, antrenman yükünü ne kadar ölçebildiğidir ve bu da bilimin konusu hâline gelmiştir bu doğrultuda da konuyla ilgili yapılan araştırmalar artış göstermiştir. Son çeyrek asırda, çalışmalar sonucunda antrenman yükü, iç yük ve dış yük olarak kavramsallaştırılmıştır. Antrenman planlamasında, katedilen mesafeler, koşu hızları, kaldırılan ağırlık vb. gibi göstergeler antrenman dış yük göstergeleri olarak kullanılırken, sporcularda antrenmanlar sırasında oluşan kalp atım hızı, oksijen tüketimi (VO2), laktat konsantrasyonları, algılanan zorluk düzeyi vb. gibi yanıtlar ise antrenman iç yük göstergeleri olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Antrenman yükü ölçümü amacıyla kullanılan her yöntemin, takip edilmek istenen antrenman tipine göre değişen avantajları ve sınırlılıkları (küresel konumlama sistemi); düşük frekanslı cihazlarda ölçüm güvenirliliği düşer, VO2supramaksimal antrenmanlar için uygun değil, kalp atım hızı takibi; antrenman yükünden bağımsız çevresel koşullardan etkilenir, laktat konsantrasyonları; laktat eşiğinin üzerindeki antrenman şiddetlerinin sınıflandırılmasında çok uygun bir yöntem değil vs.) bulunmaktadır. Antrenmanın bireyselleştirilmesinde bu sınırlılıkların bilinmesi ve aşılması, bunun yanı sıra iç-dış yük kavramlarının birlikte ele alındığı bütünleştirici yaklaşımların sergilenmesi kritik önem arz ederken, gelecekte elde edilecek verilerin gelişmiş algoritmalar aracılığıyla değerlendirilmesi bizlere antrenman yükü takibinde daha kesin ve tatmin edici bilgiler verecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Antrenman yükü; iç yük; dış yük; performans
Monitoring training load deserts much more attention than coaching judgment alone. Based on this idea, the aim of this study is examining and analyzing training load methods. Recently, various objective and subjective tools have been used to quantify training load along with advancing in technology. There has been increasing scientific interest to what extent such tools measurement efficiency related to desired parameters and then numerous studies are implemented with this objective. Last quarter, internal and external load are conceptualized as training load indicator in which distance run, distance speed, movement repetition etc. are assessed to measure external load indicator, whilst heart rate, oxygen consumption, blood lactate rated perceived exertion etc. response to training that are assessed to measure internal load indicator. Such tools using for load monitoring have some advantages and limitations based on training type (lower GPS frequency rates reduce reliability for measuring, VO2 is not proper method to measure supramaximal training load, heart rate values may be influenced enviromental conditions, and blood lactate may not be a propher method to quantify exercise intensity above the lactate threshold).To individualize training, one must consider and overcome such limitations and recommended to use integrative approach which is combine of external and internal load measures. Furthermore, obtain datas will be needed to assess in conjuction with advanced algorithms to get more accurate and substantial knowledge relevant to load monitoring and quantifying
Keywords: Training load; internal load; external load; performance
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