Afet ve acil durumların, hem dünyada hem de ülkemizde ortaya çıkma oranı giderek artmaktadır. Afet ve acil durumlar sırasında toplum, fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal yönden derinden etkilenmektedir. Ancak herhangi bir afet veya acil durumda en fazla risk altında olan ve etkilenenler kadınlar, çocuklar ve bebeklerdir. Çünkü bu grupların, uygun tıbbi tedaviye erişimleri zor olduğu kadar sağlıklı bir alanın oluşturulması da zorlaşmaktadır. Afet ve acil durumlarda birçok su kaynağı kontamine olmakta, temiz besine ulaşım zorlaşmakta ve insanlar üzerinde olumsuz psikolojik etkiler oluşmaktadır. Bu koşullarda emziren kadınların emzirmeyi sürdürmesi de kolay olmamaktadır. Zorlu koşullarla birlikte afet ve acil durumlarda birçok yardım kuruluşu tarafından emzik ve mama bağışı yapılmaktadır. Bağışlanan emzik ve mamalar, emzirmeyi sekteye uğratmakta ya da emzirme tamamen bırakılmaktadır. Bu durum da emzirme oranlarının düşmesine neden olmaktadır. Bebeklerin anne sütünden mahrum kalması, mortalite ve morbidite başta olmak üzere birçok olası riski de artırmaktadır. Ayrıca emzirmenin, kadınlar için sağladığı avantajlardan da yararlanılamamakta ve kadın sağlığı da olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bu nedenle afet ve acil durumlarda emzirme, çok önemli bir noktada yer almaktadır. Sosyal çevre ve sağlık profesyonellerinden biri olan hemşire, kadına destek olmalı ve zor koşullarda dahi emzirmenin sürdürülmesine yardımcı olmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, afet ve acil durumlarda emzirmenin sürdürülmesine yönelik var olan literatürü incelemektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Emzirme; afetler; bebek maması; kadın sağlığı; hemşirenin rolü
The rate which natural disasters and emergencies occur is gradually increasing both in our country and in the World. During these situations, the society is affected, physically, psychologically and socially. Accessing necessary medical treatments is challenging for women, children, and babies, and providing them a healthy environment gets more difficult. Thus, in such cases, this group is at higher risk and they are more affected. During natural disasters and emergencies, many resources of fresh water become contaminated, accessing healthy food become harder and people are psychologically affected. Under such conditions, it is not easy for women to continue breastfeeding. During these hard conditions, many relief organizations compensate pacifiers and baby food. Breast feeding is disrupted by this, or it is completely abandoned. This results in a decrease in the breast feeding rates. Many possible risks, particularly mortality and morbidity, increase for babies that go without breast milk. Also, women can no longer gain the advantages that come with the breast feeding. Thus, women's health is also negatively affected. Therefore, during natural disasters and emergencies, breast feeding is crucial. The social surroundings should support the mother and help continue the breast feeding even in such challenging conditions. The aim of this study is to inspect the existing literature regarding the support of breast feeding.
Keywords: Breastfeeding; disasters; infant formula; women's health; nurse's role
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