Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Yatan Hastaların Algıladıkları Çevresel Stresörler ve Uyku Kalitesinin İncelenmesi: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Investigation of Environmental Stressors and Sleep Quality Perceived by Patients Hospitalised in Intensive Care Unit: Descriptive Study
Beyzanur ABBASOĞLUa , Hatice DEMİRDAĞb
aEdirne Sultan 1. Murat Devlet Hastanesi, Edirne, Türkiye
bÜsküdar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(1):157-67
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2023-99637
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, yoğun bakım ünitesinde (YBÜ) yatmakta olan hastaların yatış süresince algıladıkları çevresel stresörleri ve uyku kalitesini değerlendirmek, çevresel stresörler ile uyku kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırma tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı olarak, bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin YBÜ'sünde Ocak 2022- Nisan 2022 tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Örneklemi araştırmaya dâhil edilme ölçütlerine uygun olan ve katılmayı kabul eden 275 hasta oluşturdu. Verilerin toplanmasında, ''hasta tanıtım formu'', ''Yoğun Bakım Unitesinde Çev- ̈ resel Stresörler Ölçeği (YBÜÇSÖ)'' ve ''Richards-Campbell Uyku Ölçeği (RCUÖ)'' kullanıldı. Elde edilen veriler istatistik paket programı ile değerlendirildi. Normal dağılıma uygun verilerin analizinde independent sample t-testi ve varyans analizi kullanıldı. Normal dağılıma uygun olmayan verilerin analizinde Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis H testi kullanıldı İki nicel değişkenin ilişkilerinin incelenmesinde ''Spearman'' korelasyon katsayısı kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda, YBÜÇSÖ toplam puanı 95,87±22,81 ve RCUÖ toplam puanı 45,29±17,98 bulundu. YBÜ'de yatan hastaların en sık algıladıkları stresör, ''diğer hastaların ağlama, inlemelerini duymak'' olup, ''nerede olduğunuzu bilmemek'' en az sıklıkla algılanan stresör olarak belirlendi. Araştırma sonucunda, yoğun bakım ünitesinde YBÜÇSÖ ile RCUÖ puanı arasında negatif yönde, orta derecede ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki tespit edildi (p<0,05). Sonuç: Yoğun bakım hastalarının çevresel stresörler ve uyku sorunları açısından risk altında olduğu ve çevresel stresörlerden etkilenme düzeyi arttıkça uyku durumlarının olumsuz etkilendiği saptandı. Bu doğrultuda hemşireler, YBÜ'deki çevresel stresörlerin hastaların uyku kalitesini etkileyebileceğinin bilincinde olmalıdır ve hastaların YBÜ'ye kabulünden itibaren sağlıklı uykuyu ve genel yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmek için çevresel stresörleri kontrol altına almalıdır. Yoğun bakımda yatan hastaları etkileyen çevresel stresörler ve uyku kalitesini olumsuz etkileyen faktörlere yönelik geniş kapsamlı randomize kontrollü çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yoğun bakım ünitesi; uyku; çevre; stresör; hemşirelik bakımı
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The study aims to evaluate the environmental stressors and sleep quality perceived by patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) during their hospitalization and to examine the relationship between environmental stressors and sleep quality. Material and Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted in the coronary ICU of a training and research hospital between January 2022 and April 2022. The sample consisted of 275 patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. ''Patient introduction form'', ''Environmental Stressors in Intensive Care Unit Scale'' and ''Richards-Campbell Sleep Scale'' were used to collect the data. The data obtained were evaluated with a statistical package programme. Independent sample t and analysis of variance were used to analyze data with normal distribution. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to analyze data that did not comply with normal distribution. ''Spearman'' correlation coefficient was used to analyse the relationship between two quantitative variables. Results: As a result of the study, the total score of the Environmental Stressors in Intensive Care Unit Scale was 95.87±22.81 and the total score of the RichardsCampbell Sleep Scale was 45.29±17.98. The most frequently perceived stressor by patients in the ICU was ''hearing other patients crying and moaning'' and ''not knowing where you are'' was the least frequently perceived stressor. As a result of the study found a negative, moderate and statistically significant relationship between the Environmental Stressors in Intensive Care Unit Scale and Richards-Campbell Sleep Scale in the ICU (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was found that ICU patients were at risk in terms of environmental stressors and sleep problems and their sleep status worsened as the level of being affected by environmental stressors increased. In this regard, nurses should be aware that environmental stressors in the ICU may affect the sleep quality of patients, and they should control environmental stressors to improve healthy sleep and general quality of life from the admission of patients to the ICU. It is recommended to conduct comprehensive randomized controlled studies focusing on the environmental stressors affecting patients in the ICU and factors that adversely affect sleep quality.

Keywords: Intensive care unit; sleep; environment; stressor; nursing care
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