Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Yeni Zelanda'da İki Camiye Düzenlenen Terör Saldırısının Uluslararası Çevrim içi Medya Analizi
An Online International Media Analysis of Terrorist Attacks on Two Mosques in New Zealand
Emine ŞENTÜRKa, Faruk AŞICIOĞLUb
aİstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Enstitüsü, Fen Bilimleri ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
bİstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tıbbi Biyoloji BD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2020;17(3):194-208
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2020-74315
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışma, 15 Mart 2019 tarihinde Yeni Zelanda'da vuku bulan ve birçok insanın hayatını kaybetmesine neden olan cami saldırılarının, uluslararası çevrim içi medyada yer alış biçiminin benzer ve farklı yönlerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, 14 ülkeden takipçi sayıları en yüksek olan ve çevrim içi yayın yapan 19 tane medya kaynağı dâhil edilmiştir. Takipçi sayıları yüksek olan, ancak İngilizce yayın yapmayan medya kaynakları çalışmaya dâhil edilmemişlerdir. Ülkelerin seçiminde, Yeni Zelanda'ya olan coğrafi yakınlık ya da uzaklıkları, terör konusunda sıkıntı yaşayıp yaşamamaları, etnik açıdan benzerlik gösterip göstermemeleri, dinî olarak aynı ya da farklı olmaları gibi etkenler rol oynamıştır. Birçok ülkeden tek bir yayın organı seçilirken, birkaç ülkeden birden fazla yayın organı yine bu tür etkenler nedeni ile çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmaya, bu medya kaynaklarının olay günü yayımladıkları haberlerden sadece okunma sayıları en yüksek olanlar dâhil edilmiştir. Seçilen bu haberler, içerik analizi yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen istatistiksel veriler tablolar hâlinde sunulmuştur. Haber içerikleri; 'şarjörler üzerinde bulunan ve manifestoda geçen isim ve mesajlar', 'haber başlıkları', 'saldırının amacı', 'ölü ve yaralı sayıları', 'saldırının hedef kitlesi', 'saldırıyı tetikleyen faktörler', 'saldırıda kullanılan silah(lar)', 'gözaltına alınanlar hakkında bilgi', 'saldırgan(lar)ın kimliği', 'manifesto ve canlı yayın görüntüleri' başlıkları altında şekil ve tablolara aktarılmıştır. Bu başlıklarla ilgili elde edilen verilerin içerikleri, haberlerde yer alış şekillerine göre 5N 1K gazetecilik ilkeleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Yapılan analizler sonucunda, incelenen haber içeriklerinin ağırlıklı olarak bilgilendirme niteliğinde olduğu saptanmıştır. On yayın kaynağında manifesto, 13 yayın kaynağında ise canlı yayın görüntüleriyle ilgili bilgi verilmiştir. Beş yayın kaynağında saldırının amacına değinilmiştir. On dört yayın kaynağında, saldırıda hayatını kaybeden ya da yaralanan kişi sayısına yer verilmiştir. Saldırının hedef kitlesi 11 yayın kaynağında Müslümanlar, 6 yayın kaynağında ise Müslüman ve göçmenler olarak belirtilmiştir. Saldırıyı tetikleyen faktörlere 7 yayın kaynağında değinilmiştir. Saldırıda kullanılan silahtan, 10 yayın kaynağında bahsedilmiştir. Sekiz yayın kaynağında, saldırıdan sonra gözaltına alınanlar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Sonuç: Yapılan içerik analizleri neticesinde haber kaynaklarının, bu olay üzerinden terör saldırılarının nedenleri ve çözümlerine yönelik konulara değindikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Terör saldırısı; terörizm; Yeni Zelanda cami saldırıları; uluslararası çevrim içi medya; içerik analizi
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aims to reveal similar and different aspects of how the terrorist attack on two mosques in New Zealand on 15 March 2019 takes place in international online media. Material and Methods: A total of 19 online media sources which have the highest number of followers in the countries where they are published from 14 countries were included in this study. Media sources with a high number of followers but not broadcasting in English were not included in the study. Factors that played a role in the selection of the countries include their geographic proximity or distance to New Zealand, their experience with terror, their similarities in ethnicity, and their similarities in religion. While a single media source was selected from some countries, inclusion of more than one media source from other countries in the study was due to such factors. Only the news published on the day of the event and have the highest number of read counts were included in the study. These news items were analyzed by content analysis method. The obtained statistical data are presented in tables. News contents were transferred to figure and tables under the titles of 'names and messages on the magazines and included in the manifesto' and 'news headlines', 'the aim of the attack', 'the number of casualties', 'the target group of the attack', 'the triggering factors for the attack', 'weapon(s) used in the attack', 'information about detainees', 'name(s) of the attacker(s)', 'gunman's manifesto and shooting video'. The contents of the data obtained from information under these titles were evaluated in terms of 5W's & H, journalists' questions according to the way they took part in the news. Results: As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that the news contents analyzed were mainly informative. Information was given about the manifesto in 10 media sources and footage of the attacks in 13 media sources. The purpose of the attack was mentioned in 5 media sources. The number of people who lost their lives or were injured in the attack was included in 14 media sources. The target group of the attack has been stated as Muslims in 11 media sources and Muslims and immigrants in 6 media sources. The factors that triggered the attack were mentioned in 7 media sources. The weapon used in the attacks is mentioned in 10 media sources. Information on detainees was provided in 8 media sources. 8 media sources provided information about those detained after the attack. Conclusion: As a result of the content analysis, it was concluded that the news contents touched on the causes and solutions of terrorist attacks through this incident.

Keywords: Terror attack; terrorism; New Zealand mosque attacks; international online media; content analysis
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